From 819e994fabd7715592959e31ecb05b9921c9e390 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: June McEnroe <june@causal.agency>
Date: Mon, 17 Sep 2018 22:40:47 -0400
Subject: Add "Using Make"

---
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 1 file changed, 159 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 001-make.7

(limited to '001-make.7')

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+.Dd September 17, 2018
+.Dt MAKE 7
+.Os "Causal Agency"
+.
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm Using Make
+.Nd writing less Makefile
+.
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+Let's talk about
+.Xr make 1 .
+I think an important thing to know about
+.Xr make 1
+is that you don't need to write a
+.Pa Makefile
+to use it.
+There are default rules
+for C, C++ and probably Fortran.
+To build
+.Pa foo
+from
+.Pa foo.c ,
+just run:
+.
+.Pp
+.Dl make foo
+.
+.Pp
+The default rule for C files uses the
+.Ev CFLAGS
+variable,
+so you can set that in the enironment
+to pass flags to the C compiler:
+.
+.Pp
+.Dl CFLAGS=-Wall make foo
+.
+.Pp
+It also uses
+.Ev LDLIBS
+for linking,
+so you can add libraries with:
+.
+.Pp
+.Dl LDLIBS=-lcurses make foo
+.
+.Pp
+Obviously writing this every time
+would become tedious,
+so it might be time to write a
+.Pa Makefile .
+But it really doesn't need much:
+.
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+CFLAGS += -Wall -Wextra
+LDLIBS = -lcurses
+
+foo:
+.Ed
+.
+.Pp
+Assigning
+.Ev CFLAGS
+with
+.Ql +=
+preserves the system default
+or anything passed in the environment.
+Declaring
+.Pa foo
+as the first rule
+makes it the default when
+.Ql make
+is run without a target.
+Note that the rule doesn't need a definition;
+the default will still be used.
+.
+.Pp
+If
+.Pa foo
+is built from serveral source files,
+unfortunately a rule definition is required:
+.
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+OBJS = foo.o bar.o baz.o
+
+foo: $(OBJS)
+	$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJS) $(LDLIBS) -o $@
+.Ed
+.
+.Pp
+This rule uses
+.Ev LDFLAGS
+for passing linker flags,
+which is what the default rule does.
+The
+.Ql $@
+variable here expands to
+.Ql foo ,
+so this rule can be copied easily
+for other binary targets.
+.
+.Pp
+If some sources depend on a header file,
+they can be automatically rebuilt
+when the header changes
+by declaring a dependency rule:
+.
+.Pp
+.Dl foo.o bar.o: foo.h
+.
+.Pp
+Note that several files can appear
+either side of the
+.Ql ":" .
+.
+.Pp
+Lastly,
+it's always nice to add a
+.Cm clean
+target:
+.
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+clean:
+	rm -f $(OBJS) foo
+.Ed
+.
+.Pp
+I hope this helps getting started with
+.Xr make 1
+without writing too much
+.Pa Makefile !
+.
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+The example
+.Pa Makefile
+in its entirety:
+.
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+CFLAGS += -Wall -Wextra
+LDLIBS = -lcurses
+OBJS = foo.o bar.o baz.o
+
+foo: $(OBJS)
+	$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJS) $(LDLIBS) -o $@
+
+foo.o bar.o: foo.h
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(OBJS) foo
+.Ed
+.
+.Sh AUTHORS
+.An June Aq Mt june@causal.agency
+.
+.Pp
+This document is produced from
+.Xr mdoc 7
+source available from
+.Lk https://code.causal.agency/june/text.causal.agency "Code Toilet"
-- 
cgit 1.4.1