.Dd January 15, 2017
.Dt GZOPEN 3
.Os
.
.Sh NAME
.Nm gzopen ,
.Nm gzdopen
.Nd open gzip file
.
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libz
.
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In zlib.h
.Ft gzFile
.Fn gzopen "const char *path" "const char *mode"
.Ft gzFile
.Fn gzdopen "int fd" "const char *mode"
.
.Sh DESCRIPTION
Opens a gzip (.gz) file
for reading or writing.
The
.Fa mode
parameter is as in
.Xr fopen 3
.Po
.Dq rb
or
.Dq wb
.Pc
but can also include a compression level
.Pq Dq wb9
or a strategy:
.Sq f
for filtered data as in
.Dq wb6f ,
.Sq h
for Huffman-only compression as in
.Dq wb1h ,
.Sq R
for run-length encoding as in
.Dq wb1R ,
or
.Sq F
for fixed code compression as in
.Dq wb9F .
.Po
See the description of
.Xr deflateInit2 3
for more information about the
.Fa strategy
parameter.
.Pc \&
.Sq T
will request transparent writing or appending
with no compression
and not using the gzip format.
.
.Pp
.Dq a
can be used instead of
.Dq w
to request that the gzip stream
that will be written
be appended to the file.
.Dq +
will result in an error,
since reading and writing
to the same gzip file
is not supported.
The addition of
.Dq x
when writing will create the file exclusively,
which fails if the file already exists.
On systems that support it,
the addition of
.Dq e
when reading or writing
will set the flag to close the file on an
.Xr execve 2
call.
.
.Pp
These functions,
as well as
.Xr gzip 1 ,
will read and decode
a sequence of gzip streams in a file.
The append function of
.Fn gzopen
can be used to create such a file.
.Po
Also see
.Xr gzflush 3
for another way to do this.
.Pc \&
When appending,
.Fn gzopen
does not test whether the file begins with a gzip stream,
nor does it look for the end of the gzip streams
to begin appending.
.Fn gzopen
will simply append a gzip stream
to the existing file.
.
.Pp
.Fn gzopen
can be used to read a file which is not in gzip format;
in this case
.Xr gzread 3
will directly read from the file without decompression.
When reading,
this will be detected automatically
by looking for the magic two-byte gzip header.
.
.Pp
.Fn gzdopen
associates at
.Vt gzFile
with the file descriptor
.Fa fd .
File descriptors
are obtained from calls like
.Xr open 2 ,
.Xr dup 2 ,
.Xr creat 2 ,
.Xr pipe 2
or
.Xr fileno 3
.Po
if the file has been previously opened with
.Xr fopen 3
.Pc .
The
.Fa mode
parameter is as in
.Fn gzopen .
.
.Pp
The next call of
.Xr gzclose 3
on the returned
.Vt gzFile
will also close the file descriptor
.Fa fd ,
just like
.Xr fclose 3 .
If you want to keep
.Fa fd
open,
use
.Li "fd = dup(fd_keep); gz = gzdopen(fd, mode)" .
The duplicated descriptor should be saved
to avoid a leak,
since
.Fn gzdopen
does not close
.Fa fd
if it fails.
If you are using
.Xr fileno 3
to get the file descriptor from a
.Vt FILE * ,
then you will have to use
.Xr dup 2
to avoid double-closing
the file descriptor.
Both
.Xr gzclose 3
and
.Xr flcose 3
will close the associated file descriptor,
so they need to have different file descriptors.
.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
.Fn gzopen
and
.Fn gzdopen
return
.Dv NULL
if the file could not be opened,
if there was insufficient memory
to allocate the
.Vt gzFile
state,
or if an invalid
.Fa mode
was specified
.Po
an
.Sq r ,
.Sq w ,
or
.Sq a
was not provided,
or
.Sq +
was provided
.Pc ,
or if
.Fa fd
is -1.
The file descriptor
is not used until the next
gz* read, write, seek, or close operation,
so
.Fn gzdopen
will not detect if
.Fa fd
is invalid
.Po
unless
.Fa fd
is -1
.Pc .
.Va errno
can be checked
to determine if the reason
.Fn gzopen
failed was that the file
could not be opened.
.
.Sh ERRORS
The
.Fn gzopen
function may fail and set
.Va errno
for any of the errors specified
for the routine
.Xr fopen 3 .
.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr deflateInit2 3 ,
.Xr fopen 3 ,
.Xr gzbuffer 3 ,
.Xr gzclose 3 ,
.Xr gzdirect 3 ,
.Xr gzeof 3 ,
.Xr gzerror 3 ,
.Xr gzflush 3 ,
.Xr gzgetc 3 ,
.Xr gzgets 3 ,
.Xr gzoffset 3 ,
.Xr gzprintf 3 ,
.Xr gzputc 3 ,
.Xr gzputs 3 ,
.Xr gzread 3 ,
.Xr gzseek 3 ,
.Xr gzsetparams 3 ,
.Xr gzwrite 3
.
.Sh HISTORY
This manual page was converted from
.In zlib.h
to mdoc format by
.An C. McEnroe Aq Mt june@causal.agency .
.
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Jean-loup Gailly Aq Mt jloup@gzip.org
.An Mark Adler Aq Mt madler@alumni.caltech.edu