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authorJune McEnroe <june@causal.agency>2019-01-10 18:48:02 -0500
committerJune McEnroe <june@causal.agency>2019-01-10 18:48:02 -0500
commit935c68573f8e63468723dc2691957637e4e6bcb7 (patch)
tree420e76ad90ffc30fa498ee2cc37009c3b4db794f /bin/cash/tests
parentRemove character NETHACKOPTIONS (diff)
downloadsrc-935c68573f8e63468723dc2691957637e4e6bcb7.tar.gz
src-935c68573f8e63468723dc2691957637e4e6bcb7.zip
Import /usr/src/bin/sh from FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE
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-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus5.031
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus6.034
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus7.026
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus8.05
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus9.08
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/question1.022
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/readonly1.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/redir1.026
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/set-u1.029
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/set-u2.012
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/set-u3.06
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/tilde1.056
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/tilde2.090
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim1.085
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim10.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim11.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim2.055
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim3.046
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim4.015
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim5.028
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim6.022
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim7.016
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim8.075
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim9.061
-rwxr-xr-xbin/cash/tests/functional_test.sh72
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/invocation/Makefile16
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-ac1.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-c-missing1.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-c1.04
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-ca1.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-fca1.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/Makefile29
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/env1.011
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/exitstatus1.09
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/ifs1.010
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/mail1.015
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/mail2.015
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/optind1.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/optind2.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional1.013
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional2.065
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional3.04
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional4.04
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional5.014
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional6.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional7.08
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional8.031
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional9.018
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/pwd1.011
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parameters/pwd2.024
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/Makefile89
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias1.05
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias10.09
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias11.06
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias12.06
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias13.06
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias14.06
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias15.012
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias15.0.stdout4
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias16.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias17.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias18.08
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias2.06
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias3.06
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias4.05
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias5.05
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias6.06
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias7.04
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias8.04
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/alias9.06
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/and-pipe-not.02
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/case1.014
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/case2.032
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/comment1.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/comment2.424
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote1.012
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote10.010
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote11.08
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote12.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote13.08
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote2.05
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote3.022
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote4.019
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote5.012
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote6.05
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote7.06
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote8.011
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote9.08
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/empty-braces1.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/empty-cmd1.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/for1.029
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/for2.015
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/func1.025
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/func2.06
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/func3.06
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc1.085
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc10.049
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc11.026
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc12.047
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc13.021
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc2.039
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc3.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc4.044
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc5.056
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc6.05
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc7.019
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc8.020
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc9.058
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont1.016
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont10.018
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont11.023
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont12.05
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont2.04
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont3.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont4.08
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont5.014
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont6.023
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont7.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont8.06
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont9.06
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/no-space1.018
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/no-space2.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/nul1.012
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir1.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir2.02
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir3.02
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir4.02
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/pipe-not1.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/set-v1.08
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/set-v1.0.stderr5
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/parser/var-assign1.019
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/Makefile46
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/and1.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/and2.14
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/and3.04
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/and4.04
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/background1.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/cmd1.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/cmd2.14
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/elif1.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/elif2.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/eval1.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/eval2.14
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/for1.09
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/func1.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/func2.17
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/if1.05
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/if2.07
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/if3.05
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/not1.04
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/not2.04
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/or1.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/or2.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/or3.14
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/pipe1.14
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/pipe2.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/return1.011
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/semi1.14
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/semi2.14
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/subshell1.03
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/subshell2.14
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/until1.05
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/until2.05
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/until3.09
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/while1.05
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/while2.05
-rw-r--r--bin/cash/tests/set-e/while3.09
514 files changed, 7814 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/Makefile b/bin/cash/tests/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c2911f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/Makefile 322438 2017-08-12 19:17:48Z jilles $
+
+.include <bsd.own.mk>
+
+TESTS_SUBDIRS+=	builtins
+TESTS_SUBDIRS+=	errors
+TESTS_SUBDIRS+=	execution
+TESTS_SUBDIRS+=	expansion
+TESTS_SUBDIRS+=	invocation
+TESTS_SUBDIRS+=	parameters
+TESTS_SUBDIRS+=	parser
+TESTS_SUBDIRS+=	set-e
+
+.include <bsd.test.mk>
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/Makefile b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2749595
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/Makefile 336320 2018-07-15 21:55:17Z jilles $
+
+PACKAGE=	tests
+
+.include <src.opts.mk>
+
+TESTSDIR=	${TESTSBASE}/bin/sh/${.CURDIR:T}
+
+.PATH: ${.CURDIR:H}
+ATF_TESTS_SH=	functional_test
+
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		alias.0 alias.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		alias.1 alias.1.stderr
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		alias3.0 alias3.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		alias4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		break1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		break2.0 break2.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		break3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		break4.4
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		break5.4
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		break6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		builtin1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case9.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case10.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case11.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case12.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case13.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case14.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case15.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case16.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case17.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case18.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case19.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case20.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case21.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case22.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		case23.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		cd1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		cd2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		cd3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		cd4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		cd5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		cd6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		cd7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		cd8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		cd9.0 cd9.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		cd10.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		cd11.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command3.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command5.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command6.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command9.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command10.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command11.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		command12.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		dot1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		dot2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		dot3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		dot4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		echo1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		echo2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		echo3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		eval1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		eval2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		eval3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		eval4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		eval5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		eval6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		eval7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		eval8.7
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		exec1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		exec2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		exit1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		exit2.8
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		exit3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		export1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		fc1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		fc2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		for1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		for2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		for3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		getopts1.0 getopts1.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		getopts2.0 getopts2.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		getopts3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		getopts4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		getopts5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		getopts6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		getopts7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		getopts8.0 getopts8.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		getopts9.0 getopts9.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		getopts10.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		hash1.0 hash1.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		hash2.0 hash2.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		hash3.0 hash3.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		hash4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		jobid1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		jobid2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		kill1.0 kill2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		lineno.0 lineno.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		lineno2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		lineno3.0 lineno3.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		local1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		local2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		local3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		local4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		local5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		local6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		local7.0
+.if ${MK_NLS} != "no"
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		locale1.0
+.endif
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		locale2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		printf1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		printf2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		printf3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		printf4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		read1.0 read1.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		read2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		read3.0 read3.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		read4.0 read4.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		read5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		read6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		read7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		read8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		read9.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		return1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		return2.1
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		return3.1
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		return4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		return5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		return6.4
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		return7.4
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		return8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		set1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		set2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		set3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap10.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap11.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap12.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap13.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap14.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap15.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap16.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap17.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		trap9.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		type1.0 type1.0.stderr
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		type2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		type3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		unalias.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		var-assign.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		var-assign2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		wait1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		wait2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		wait3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		wait4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		wait5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		wait6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		wait7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		wait8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		wait9.127
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		wait10.0
+
+.include <bsd.test.mk>
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7a4864fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/alias.0 190285 2009-03-22 21:12:00Z stefanf $
+set -e
+
+unalias -a
+alias foo=bar
+alias bar=
+alias quux="1 2 3"
+alias
+alias foo
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..52efaf0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+bar=''
+foo=bar
+quux='1 2 3'
+foo=bar
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias.1 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..176ce71e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias.1
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/alias.1 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+unalias -a
+alias foo
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias.1.stderr b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias.1.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9f4011b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias.1.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+alias: foo: not found
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3185e37e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/alias3.0 242767 2012-11-08 13:36:19Z jilles $
+set -e
+
+unalias -a
+alias foo=bar
+alias bar=
+alias quux="1 2 3"
+alias foo=bar
+alias bar=
+alias quux="1 2 3"
+alias
+alias foo
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias3.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias3.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..52efaf0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias3.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+bar=''
+foo=bar
+quux='1 2 3'
+foo=bar
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b445c1b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/alias4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/alias4.0 254849 2013-08-25 11:42:53Z jilles $
+
+unalias -a
+alias --
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d52d18a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/break1.0 211349 2010-08-15 21:06:53Z jilles $
+
+if [ "$1" != nested ]; then
+	while :; do
+		set -- nested
+		. "$0"
+		echo bad2
+		exit 2
+	done
+	exit 0
+fi
+# To trigger the bug, the following commands must be at the top level,
+# with newlines in between.
+break
+echo bad1
+exit 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ae7c91e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/break2.0 211467 2010-08-18 20:26:50Z jilles $
+
+# It is not immediately obvious that this should work, and someone probably
+# relies on it.
+
+while :; do
+	trap 'break' USR1
+	kill -USR1 $$
+	echo bad
+	exit 1
+done
+echo good
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break2.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break2.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12799ccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break2.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+good
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a239be6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/break3.0 211612 2010-08-22 11:07:46Z jilles $
+
+# We accept this and people might rely on it.
+# However, various other shells do not accept it.
+
+f() {
+	break
+	echo bad1
+}
+
+while :; do
+	f
+	echo bad2
+	exit 2
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break4.4 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break4.4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cfd3449d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break4.4
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/break4.4 251180 2013-05-31 14:45:25Z jilles $
+
+# Although this is not specified by POSIX, some configure scripts (gawk 4.1.0)
+# appear to depend on it.
+
+break
+exit 4
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break5.4 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break5.4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1e3b8e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break5.4
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/break5.4 251180 2013-05-31 14:45:25Z jilles $
+
+# Although this is not specified by POSIX, some configure scripts (gawk 4.1.0)
+# appear to depend on it.
+# In some uncommitted code, the subshell environment corrupted the outer
+# shell environment's state.
+
+(for i in a b c; do
+	exit 3
+done)
+break
+exit 4
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a803aaff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/break6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/break6.0 268927 2014-07-20 20:29:09Z jilles $
+# Per POSIX, this need only work if LONG_MAX > 4294967295.
+
+while :; do
+	break 4294967296
+	echo bad
+	exit 3
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/builtin1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/builtin1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3f419c2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/builtin1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/builtin1.0 201431 2010-01-03 15:01:38Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+builtin : || echo "Bad return code at $LINENO"
+builtin true || echo "Bad return code at $LINENO"
+builtin ls 2>/dev/null && echo "Bad return code at $LINENO"
+check '"$(builtin pwd)" = "$(pwd)"'
+check '-z "$(builtin :)"'
+check '-z "$(builtin true)"'
+check '-z "$( (builtin nosuchtool) 2>/dev/null)"'
+check '-z "$(builtin nosuchtool 2>/dev/null)"'
+check '-z "$(builtin nosuchtool 2>/dev/null; :)"'
+check '-z "$( (builtin ls) 2>/dev/null)"'
+check '-z "$(builtin ls 2>/dev/null)"'
+check '-z "$(builtin ls 2>/dev/null; :)"'
+check '-n "$( (builtin nosuchtool) 2>&1)"'
+check '-n "$(builtin nosuchtool 2>&1)"'
+check '-n "$(builtin nosuchtool 2>&1; :)"'
+check '-n "$( (builtin ls) 2>&1)"'
+check '-n "$(builtin ls 2>&1)"'
+check '-n "$(builtin ls 2>&1; :)"'
+
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6c050c62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#$FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case1.0 172440 2007-10-04 16:14:48Z stefanf $
+f()
+{
+	false
+	case $1 in
+	foo) true ;;
+	bar) false ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+f foo || exit 1
+f bar && exit 1
+f quux || exit 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case10.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case10.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e53576e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case10.0
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case10.0 223546 2011-06-25 20:37:43Z jilles $
+
+case ! in
+[\!!]) ;;
+*) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case ! in
+['!'!]) ;;
+*) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case ! in
+["!"!]) ;;
+*) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case11.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case11.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01c0080a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case11.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case11.0 228007 2011-11-26 22:28:25Z jilles $
+
+false
+case x in
+*)
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case12.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case12.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d96c740
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case12.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case12.0 228007 2011-11-26 22:28:25Z jilles $
+
+false
+case x in
+y)
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case13.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case13.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..37a8ffbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case13.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case13.0 228943 2011-12-28 23:51:17Z jilles $
+
+case ^ in
+[\^^]) ;;
+*) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case s in
+[\^^]) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+[s\]]) ;;
+*) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case14.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case14.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49387625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case14.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case14.0 230154 2012-01-15 20:04:05Z jilles $
+
+case `false` in
+no) exit 3 ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case15.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case15.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ca773ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case15.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case15.0 230154 2012-01-15 20:04:05Z jilles $
+
+case x in
+`false`) exit 3 ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case16.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case16.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e6431cc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case16.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case16.0 230154 2012-01-15 20:04:05Z jilles $
+
+f() { return 42; }
+f
+case x in
+x) [ $? = 42 ] ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case17.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case17.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be0827c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case17.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case17.0 230161 2012-01-15 21:39:38Z jilles $
+
+! case x in x) false ;& y) esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case18.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case18.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..590fe8d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case18.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case18.0 230161 2012-01-15 21:39:38Z jilles $
+
+case x$(false) in
+x)	;&
+y)	[ $? != 0 ] ;;
+z)	false ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case19.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case19.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f3496369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case19.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case19.0 230161 2012-01-15 21:39:38Z jilles $
+
+[ "`case x in
+x)	false ;&
+y)	;&
+z)	echo $? ;;
+esac`" != 0 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cc737f42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# Generated by ./test-fnmatch -s 1, do not edit.
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case2.0 207821 2010-05-09 16:15:40Z jilles $
+failures=
+failed() { printf '%s\n' "Failed: $1 '$2' '$3'"; failures=x$failures; }
+testmatch() { eval "case \$2 in ''$1) ;; *) failed testmatch \"\$@\";; esac"; }
+testnomatch() { eval "case \$2 in ''$1) failed testnomatch \"\$@\";; esac"; }
+testmatch '' ''
+testmatch 'a' 'a'
+testnomatch 'a' 'b'
+testnomatch 'a' 'A'
+testmatch '*' 'a'
+testmatch '*' 'aa'
+testmatch '*a' 'a'
+testnomatch '*a' 'b'
+testnomatch '*a*' 'b'
+testmatch '*a*b*' 'ab'
+testmatch '*a*b*' 'qaqbq'
+testmatch '*a*bb*' 'qaqbqbbq'
+testmatch '*a*bc*' 'qaqbqbcq'
+testmatch '*a*bb*' 'qaqbqbb'
+testmatch '*a*bc*' 'qaqbqbc'
+testmatch '*a*bb' 'qaqbqbb'
+testmatch '*a*bc' 'qaqbqbc'
+testnomatch '*a*bb' 'qaqbqbbq'
+testnomatch '*a*bc' 'qaqbqbcq'
+testnomatch '*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*' 'aaaaaaaaa'
+testmatch '*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*' 'aaaaaaaaaa'
+testmatch '*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*' 'aaaaaaaaaaa'
+testnomatch '.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*' '.........'
+testmatch '.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*' '..........'
+testmatch '.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*' '...........'
+testnomatch '*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*' '123456789'
+testnomatch '??????????*' '123456789'
+testnomatch '*??????????' '123456789'
+testmatch '*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*' '1234567890'
+testmatch '??????????*' '1234567890'
+testmatch '*??????????' '1234567890'
+testmatch '*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*' '12345678901'
+testmatch '??????????*' '12345678901'
+testmatch '*??????????' '12345678901'
+testmatch '[x]' 'x'
+testmatch '[*]' '*'
+testmatch '[?]' '?'
+testmatch '[' '['
+testmatch '[[]' '['
+testnomatch '[[]' 'x'
+testnomatch '[*]' ''
+testnomatch '[*]' 'x'
+testnomatch '[?]' 'x'
+testmatch '*[*]*' 'foo*foo'
+testnomatch '*[*]*' 'foo'
+testmatch '[0-9]' '0'
+testmatch '[0-9]' '5'
+testmatch '[0-9]' '9'
+testnomatch '[0-9]' '/'
+testnomatch '[0-9]' ':'
+testnomatch '[0-9]' '*'
+testnomatch '[!0-9]' '0'
+testnomatch '[!0-9]' '5'
+testnomatch '[!0-9]' '9'
+testmatch '[!0-9]' '/'
+testmatch '[!0-9]' ':'
+testmatch '[!0-9]' '*'
+testmatch '*[0-9]' 'a0'
+testmatch '*[0-9]' 'a5'
+testmatch '*[0-9]' 'a9'
+testnomatch '*[0-9]' 'a/'
+testnomatch '*[0-9]' 'a:'
+testnomatch '*[0-9]' 'a*'
+testnomatch '*[!0-9]' 'a0'
+testnomatch '*[!0-9]' 'a5'
+testnomatch '*[!0-9]' 'a9'
+testmatch '*[!0-9]' 'a/'
+testmatch '*[!0-9]' 'a:'
+testmatch '*[!0-9]' 'a*'
+testmatch '*[0-9]' 'a00'
+testmatch '*[0-9]' 'a55'
+testmatch '*[0-9]' 'a99'
+testmatch '*[0-9]' 'a0a0'
+testmatch '*[0-9]' 'a5a5'
+testmatch '*[0-9]' 'a9a9'
+testmatch '\*' '*'
+testmatch '\?' '?'
+testmatch '\[x]' '[x]'
+testmatch '\[' '['
+testmatch '\\' '\'
+testmatch '*\**' 'foo*foo'
+testnomatch '*\**' 'foo'
+testmatch '*\\*' 'foo\foo'
+testnomatch '*\\*' 'foo'
+testmatch '\(' '('
+testmatch '\a' 'a'
+testnomatch '\*' 'a'
+testnomatch '\?' 'a'
+testnomatch '\*' '\*'
+testnomatch '\?' '\?'
+testnomatch '\[x]' '\[x]'
+testnomatch '\[x]' '\x'
+testnomatch '\[' '\['
+testnomatch '\(' '\('
+testnomatch '\a' '\a'
+testmatch '.*' '.'
+testmatch '.*' '..'
+testmatch '.*' '.a'
+testmatch 'a*' 'a.'
+[ -z "$failures" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case20.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case20.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..32f46bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case20.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case20.0 287148 2015-08-25 21:55:15Z jilles $
+
+# Shells do not agree about what this pattern should match, but it is
+# certain that it must not crash and the missing close bracket must not
+# be simply ignored.
+
+case B in
+[[:alpha:]) echo bad ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case21.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case21.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ec8089f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case21.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case21.0 318258 2017-05-13 20:28:32Z jilles $
+
+case 5 in
+[0$((-9))]) ;;
+*) echo bad1 ;;
+esac
+
+case - in
+[0$((-9))]) echo bad2 ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case22.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case22.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c80dc017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case22.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case22.0 318269 2017-05-14 13:14:19Z jilles $
+
+case 5 in
+[0"$((-9))"]) echo bad1 ;;
+esac
+
+case - in
+[0"$((-9))"]) ;;
+*) echo bad2 ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case23.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case23.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0f36562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case23.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case23.0 333092 2018-04-29 17:46:08Z jilles $
+
+case [ in
+[[:alpha:]]) echo bad
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4eb688fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+# Generated by ./test-fnmatch -s 2, do not edit.
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case3.0 207821 2010-05-09 16:15:40Z jilles $
+failures=
+failed() { printf '%s\n' "Failed: $1 '$2' '$3'"; failures=x$failures; }
+# We do not treat a backslash specially in this case,
+# but this is not the case in all shells.
+netestmatch() { case $2 in $1) ;; *) failed netestmatch "$@";; esac; }
+netestnomatch() { case $2 in $1) failed netestnomatch "$@";; esac; }
+netestmatch '' ''
+netestmatch 'a' 'a'
+netestnomatch 'a' 'b'
+netestnomatch 'a' 'A'
+netestmatch '*' 'a'
+netestmatch '*' 'aa'
+netestmatch '*a' 'a'
+netestnomatch '*a' 'b'
+netestnomatch '*a*' 'b'
+netestmatch '*a*b*' 'ab'
+netestmatch '*a*b*' 'qaqbq'
+netestmatch '*a*bb*' 'qaqbqbbq'
+netestmatch '*a*bc*' 'qaqbqbcq'
+netestmatch '*a*bb*' 'qaqbqbb'
+netestmatch '*a*bc*' 'qaqbqbc'
+netestmatch '*a*bb' 'qaqbqbb'
+netestmatch '*a*bc' 'qaqbqbc'
+netestnomatch '*a*bb' 'qaqbqbbq'
+netestnomatch '*a*bc' 'qaqbqbcq'
+netestnomatch '*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*' 'aaaaaaaaa'
+netestmatch '*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*' 'aaaaaaaaaa'
+netestmatch '*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*a*' 'aaaaaaaaaaa'
+netestnomatch '.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*' '.........'
+netestmatch '.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*' '..........'
+netestmatch '.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*' '...........'
+netestnomatch '*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*' '123456789'
+netestnomatch '??????????*' '123456789'
+netestnomatch '*??????????' '123456789'
+netestmatch '*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*' '1234567890'
+netestmatch '??????????*' '1234567890'
+netestmatch '*??????????' '1234567890'
+netestmatch '*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*?*' '12345678901'
+netestmatch '??????????*' '12345678901'
+netestmatch '*??????????' '12345678901'
+netestmatch '[x]' 'x'
+netestmatch '[*]' '*'
+netestmatch '[?]' '?'
+netestmatch '[' '['
+netestmatch '[[]' '['
+netestnomatch '[[]' 'x'
+netestnomatch '[*]' ''
+netestnomatch '[*]' 'x'
+netestnomatch '[?]' 'x'
+netestmatch '*[*]*' 'foo*foo'
+netestnomatch '*[*]*' 'foo'
+netestmatch '[0-9]' '0'
+netestmatch '[0-9]' '5'
+netestmatch '[0-9]' '9'
+netestnomatch '[0-9]' '/'
+netestnomatch '[0-9]' ':'
+netestnomatch '[0-9]' '*'
+netestnomatch '[!0-9]' '0'
+netestnomatch '[!0-9]' '5'
+netestnomatch '[!0-9]' '9'
+netestmatch '[!0-9]' '/'
+netestmatch '[!0-9]' ':'
+netestmatch '[!0-9]' '*'
+netestmatch '*[0-9]' 'a0'
+netestmatch '*[0-9]' 'a5'
+netestmatch '*[0-9]' 'a9'
+netestnomatch '*[0-9]' 'a/'
+netestnomatch '*[0-9]' 'a:'
+netestnomatch '*[0-9]' 'a*'
+netestnomatch '*[!0-9]' 'a0'
+netestnomatch '*[!0-9]' 'a5'
+netestnomatch '*[!0-9]' 'a9'
+netestmatch '*[!0-9]' 'a/'
+netestmatch '*[!0-9]' 'a:'
+netestmatch '*[!0-9]' 'a*'
+netestmatch '*[0-9]' 'a00'
+netestmatch '*[0-9]' 'a55'
+netestmatch '*[0-9]' 'a99'
+netestmatch '*[0-9]' 'a0a0'
+netestmatch '*[0-9]' 'a5a5'
+netestmatch '*[0-9]' 'a9a9'
+netestmatch '\*' '\*'
+netestmatch '\?' '\?'
+netestmatch '\' '\'
+netestnomatch '\\' '\'
+netestmatch '\\' '\\'
+netestmatch '*\*' 'foo\foo'
+netestnomatch '*\*' 'foo'
+netestmatch '.*' '.'
+netestmatch '.*' '..'
+netestmatch '.*' '.a'
+netestmatch 'a*' 'a.'
+[ -z "$failures" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c900630b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case4.0 220654 2011-04-15 15:14:58Z jilles $
+
+set -- "*"
+case x in
+"$1") echo failed ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a1dce3d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case5.0 221646 2011-05-08 11:32:20Z jilles $
+
+unset LC_ALL
+LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
+export LC_CTYPE
+
+c1=e
+# a umlaut
+c2=$(printf '\303\244')
+# euro sign
+c3=$(printf '\342\202\254')
+# some sort of 't' outside BMP
+c4=$(printf '\360\235\225\245')
+
+ok=0
+case $c1$c2$c3$c4 in
+*) ok=1 ;;
+esac
+if [ $ok = 0 ]; then
+	echo wrong at $LINENO
+	exit 3
+fi
+
+case $c1$c2$c3$c4 in
+$c1$c2$c3$c4) ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case $c1$c2$c3$c4 in
+"$c1$c2$c3$c4") ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case $c1$c2$c3$c4 in
+????) ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case $c1.$c2.$c3.$c4 in
+?.?.?.?) ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case $c1$c2$c3$c4 in
+[!a][!b][!c][!d]) ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case $c1$c2$c3$c4 in
+[$c1][$c2][$c3][$c4]) ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case $c1$c2$c3$c4 in
+["$c1"]["$c2"]["$c3"]["$c4"]) ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..38557bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case6.0 223007 2011-06-12 12:27:17Z jilles $
+
+unset LC_ALL
+LC_CTYPE=de_DE.ISO8859-1
+export LC_CTYPE
+
+c1=e
+# o umlaut
+c2=$(printf '\366')
+# non-break space
+c3=$(printf '\240')
+c4=$(printf '\240')
+# $c2$c3$c4 form one utf-8 character
+
+ok=0
+case $c1$c2$c3$c4 in
+*) ok=1 ;;
+esac
+if [ $ok = 0 ]; then
+	echo wrong at $LINENO
+	exit 3
+fi
+
+case $c1$c2$c3$c4 in
+$c1$c2$c3$c4) ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case $c1$c2$c3$c4 in
+"$c1$c2$c3$c4") ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case $c1$c2$c3$c4 in
+????) ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case $c1$c2$c3$c4 in
+[!$c2][!b][!c][!d]) ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case $c1$c2$c3$c4 in
+[$c1][$c2][$c3][$c4]) ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case $c1$c2$c3$c4 in
+["$c1"]["$c2"]["$c3"]["$c4"]) ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35978e5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case7.0 302829 2016-07-14 09:34:42Z ache $
+
+# Character ranges in a locale other than the POSIX locale, not specified
+# by POSIX.
+
+unset LC_ALL
+LC_CTYPE=de_DE.ISO8859-1
+export LC_CTYPE
+LC_COLLATE=de_DE.ISO8859-1
+export LC_COLLATE
+
+c1=e
+# o umlaut
+c2=$(printf '\366')
+
+case $c1$c2 in
+[a-z][a-z]) ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case $c1$c2 in
+[a-f][n-p]) ;;
+*) echo wrong at $LINENO ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..22c31111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case8.0 223120 2011-06-15 21:48:10Z jilles $
+
+case aZ_ in
+[[:alpha:]_][[:upper:]_][[:alpha:]_]) ;;
+*) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case ' ' in
+[[:alpha:][:digit:]]) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+[![:alpha:][:digit:]]) ;;
+*) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case '.X.' in
+*[[:lower:]]*) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+*[[:upper:]]*) ;;
+*) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case ' ' in
+[![:print:]]) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+[![:alnum:][:punct:]]) ;;
+*) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+esac
+
+case '
+' in
+[[:print:]]) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+['
+'[:digit:]]) ;;
+*) echo Failed at $LINENO ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c7b05bd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/case9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/case9.0 223186 2011-06-17 13:03:49Z jilles $
+
+errors=0
+
+f() {
+	result=
+	case $1 in
+	a) result=${result}a ;;
+	b) result=${result}b ;&
+	c) result=${result}c ;&
+	d) result=${result}d ;;
+	e) result=${result}e ;&
+	esac
+}
+
+check() {
+	f "$1"
+	if [ "$result" != "$2" ]; then
+		printf "For %s, expected %s got %s\n" "$1" "$2" "$result"
+		errors=$((errors + 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+check '' ''
+check a a
+check b bcd
+check c cd
+check d d
+check e e
+
+if ! (case 1 in
+	1) false ;&
+	2) true ;;
+esac) then
+	echo "Subshell bad"
+	errors=$((errors + 1))
+fi
+
+exit $((errors != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82a7d105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/cd1.0 228975 2011-12-30 00:04:11Z uqs $
+set -e
+
+P=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}
+cd $P
+T=$(mktemp -d sh-test.XXXXXX)
+
+chmod 0 $T
+if [ `id -u` -ne 0 ]; then
+	# Root can always cd, regardless of directory permissions.
+	cd -L $T 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+	[ "$PWD" = "$P" ]
+	[ "$(pwd)" = "$P" ]
+	cd -P $T 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+	[ "$PWD" = "$P" ]
+	[ "$(pwd)" = "$P" ]
+fi
+
+chmod 755 $T
+cd $T
+mkdir -p 1/2/3
+ln -s 1/2 link1
+ln -s 2/3 1/link2
+(cd -L 1/../1 && [ "$(pwd -L)" = "$P/$T/1" ])
+(cd -L link1 && [ "$(pwd -L)" = "$P/$T/link1" ])
+(cd -L link1 && [ "$(pwd -P)" = "$P/$T/1/2" ])
+(cd -P link1 && [ "$(pwd -L)" = "$P/$T/1/2" ])
+(cd -P link1 && [ "$(pwd -P)" = "$P/$T/1/2" ])
+
+rm -rf ${P}/${T}
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd10.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd10.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b5008ca9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd10.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/cd10.0 320340 2017-06-25 21:53:08Z jilles $
+
+# Precondition
+(cd /bin) || exit
+# Verify write error is ignored.
+$SH +m -ic 'CDPATH=/:; cd bin 1</dev/null'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd11.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd11.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..191723a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd11.0
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/cd11.0 336320 2018-07-15 21:55:17Z jilles $
+
+set -e
+T=$(mktemp -d "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX")
+trap 'rm -rf "$T"' 0
+
+mkdir "$T/%?^&*"
+cd -P "$T/%?^&*"
+D=$(pwd)
+
+mkdir a a/1 b b/1 b/2
+
+CDPATH=$D/a:
+# Basic test.
+cd 1 >/dev/null
+[ "$(pwd)" = "$D/a/1" ]
+# Test that the current directory is not checked before CDPATH.
+cd "$D/b"
+cd 1 >/dev/null
+[ "$(pwd)" = "$D/a/1" ]
+# Test not using a CDPATH entry.
+cd "$D/b"
+cd 2
+[ "$(pwd)" = "$D/b/2" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e4807875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/cd2.0 216019 2010-11-28 22:49:58Z jilles $
+set -e
+
+L=$(getconf PATH_MAX / 2>/dev/null) || L=4096
+[ "$L" -lt 100000 ] 2>/dev/null || L=4096
+L=$((L+100))
+T=$(mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX)
+trap 'rm -rf ${T}' 0
+cd $T
+D=$T
+while [ ${#D} -lt $L ]; do
+	mkdir veryverylongdirectoryname
+	cd veryverylongdirectoryname
+	D=$D/veryverylongdirectoryname
+done
+[ $(pwd | wc -c) -eq $((${#D} + 1)) ] # +\n
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b41caee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/cd3.0 222154 2011-05-20 22:55:18Z jilles $
+
+# If fully successful, cd -Pe must be like cd -P.
+
+set -e
+
+cd "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}"
+cd -Pe /
+[ "$PWD" = / ]
+[ "$(pwd)" = / ]
+cd "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}"
+cd -eP /
+[ "$PWD" = / ]
+[ "$(pwd)" = / ]
+
+set +e
+
+# If cd -Pe cannot chdir, the exit status must be greater than 1.
+
+v=$( (cd -Pe /var/empty/nonexistent) 2>&1 >/dev/null)
+[ $? -gt 1 ] && [ -n "$v" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19531321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/cd4.0 222154 2011-05-20 22:55:18Z jilles $
+
+# This test assumes that whatever mechanism cd -P uses to determine the
+# pathname to the current directory if it is longer than PATH_MAX requires
+# read permission on all parent directories. It also works if this
+# requirement always applies.
+
+set -e
+L=$(getconf PATH_MAX / 2>/dev/null) || L=4096
+[ "$L" -lt 100000 ] 2>/dev/null || L=4096
+L=$((L+100))
+T=$(mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX)
+trap 'chmod u+r ${T}; rm -rf ${T}' 0
+cd -Pe $T
+D=$(pwd)
+chmod u-r "$D"
+if [ -r "$D" ]; then
+	# Running as root, cannot test.
+	exit 0
+fi
+set +e
+while [ ${#D} -lt $L ]; do
+	mkdir veryverylongdirectoryname || exit
+	cd -Pe veryverylongdirectoryname 2>/dev/null
+	r=$?
+	[ $r -gt 1 ] && exit $r
+	if [ $r -eq 1 ]; then
+		# Verify that the directory was changed correctly.
+		cd -Pe .. || exit
+		[ "$(pwd)" = "$D" ] || exit
+		# Verify that omitting -e results in success.
+		cd -P veryverylongdirectoryname 2>/dev/null || exit
+		exit 0
+	fi
+	D=$D/veryverylongdirectoryname
+done
+echo "cd -Pe never returned 1"
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76df7887
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/cd5.0 222379 2011-05-27 19:36:07Z jilles $
+
+set -e
+T=$(mktemp -d "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX")
+trap 'rm -rf "$T"' 0
+
+cd -P "$T"
+D=$(pwd)
+
+mkdir a a/1 b b/1 b/2
+
+CDPATH=$D/a:
+# Basic test.
+cd 1 >/dev/null
+[ "$(pwd)" = "$D/a/1" ]
+# Test that the current directory is not checked before CDPATH.
+cd "$D/b"
+cd 1 >/dev/null
+[ "$(pwd)" = "$D/a/1" ]
+# Test not using a CDPATH entry.
+cd "$D/b"
+cd 2
+[ "$(pwd)" = "$D/b/2" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34c8955a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/cd6.0 222381 2011-05-27 20:01:46Z jilles $
+
+set -e
+cd -P /bin
+d=$PWD
+CDPATH=/:
+cd -P .
+[ "$d" = "$PWD" ]
+cd -P ./
+[ "$d" = "$PWD" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2219b7b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/cd7.0 222381 2011-05-27 20:01:46Z jilles $
+
+set -e
+cd /usr/bin
+[ "$PWD" = /usr/bin ]
+CDPATH=/:
+cd .
+[ "$PWD" = /usr/bin ]
+cd ./
+[ "$PWD" = /usr/bin ]
+cd ..
+[ "$PWD" = /usr ]
+cd /usr/bin
+cd ../
+[ "$PWD" = /usr ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ee87ba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/cd8.0 230095 2012-01-13 23:32:27Z jilles $
+
+# The exact wording of the error message is not standardized, but giving
+# a description of the errno is useful.
+
+LC_ALL=C
+export LC_ALL
+r=0
+
+t() {
+	exec 3>&1
+	errmsg=`cd "$1" 2>&1 >&3 3>&-`
+	exec 3>&-
+	case $errmsg in
+	*[Nn]ot\ a\ directory*)
+		;;
+	*)
+		printf "Wrong error message for %s: %s\n" "$1" "$errmsg"
+		r=3
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+t /dev/tty
+t /dev/tty/x
+exit $r
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56afe1ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/cd9.0 293371 2016-01-07 21:46:07Z jilles $
+
+cd /dev
+cd /bin
+cd - >/dev/null
+pwd
+cd - >/dev/null
+pwd
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd9.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd9.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dac16a76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/cd9.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/dev
+/bin
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..55f19961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/command1.0 151797 2005-10-28 14:02:42Z stefanf $
+true() {
+	false
+}
+command true
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command10.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command10.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..71bb437a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command10.0
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/command10.0 204802 2010-03-06 17:31:09Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+check '"$(f() { shift x; }; { command eval f 2>/dev/null; } >/dev/null; echo hi)" = hi'
+
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command11.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command11.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35941fa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command11.0
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/command11.0 205154 2010-03-14 14:24:35Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+check '"$({ command eval \{ shift x\; \} 2\>/dev/null; } >/dev/null; echo hi)" = hi'
+
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command12.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command12.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db38709c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command12.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/command12.0 257929 2013-11-10 23:00:39Z jilles $
+
+alias aa=echo\ \'\"\'
+cmd=$(command -v aa)
+alias aa=echo\ bad
+eval "$cmd"
+[ "$(eval aa)" = \" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..41cd2deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/command2.0 151797 2005-10-28 14:02:42Z stefanf $
+PATH=
+command -p cat < /dev/null
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5fd8c92c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/command3.0 211399 2010-08-16 17:18:08Z jilles $
+command -v ls
+command -v true
+command -v /bin/ls
+
+fun() {
+	:
+}
+command -v fun
+command -v break
+command -v if
+
+alias foo=bar
+command -v foo
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command3.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command3.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..67b86915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command3.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/bin/ls
+true
+/bin/ls
+fun
+break
+if
+alias foo=bar
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b0306c31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/command4.0 211973 2010-08-29 20:53:24Z jilles $
+! command -v nonexisting
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a2c1b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/command5.0 211399 2010-08-16 17:18:08Z jilles $
+command -V ls
+command -V true
+command -V /bin/ls
+
+fun() {
+	:
+}
+command -V fun
+command -V break
+command -V if
+command -V {
+
+alias foo=bar
+command -V foo
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command5.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command5.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..523f7b22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command5.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+ls is /bin/ls
+true is a shell builtin
+/bin/ls is /bin/ls
+fun is a shell function
+break is a special shell builtin
+if is a shell keyword
+{ is a shell keyword
+foo is an alias for bar
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..747c3db0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/command6.0 218356 2011-02-05 23:00:24Z jilles $
+PATH=/var/empty
+case $(command -pV ls) in
+*/var/empty/ls*)
+	echo "Failed: \$(command -pV ls) should not match */var/empty/ls*" ;;
+"ls is"*" "/*/ls) ;;
+*)
+	echo "Failed: \$(command -pV ls) match \"ls is\"*\" \"/*/ls" ;;
+esac
+command -pV true
+command -pV /bin/ls
+
+fun() {
+	:
+}
+command -pV fun
+command -pV break
+command -pV if
+command -pV {
+
+alias foo=bar
+command -pV foo
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command6.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command6.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3180207a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command6.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+true is a shell builtin
+/bin/ls is /bin/ls
+fun is a shell function
+break is a special shell builtin
+if is a shell keyword
+{ is a shell keyword
+foo is an alias for bar
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f0621277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/command7.0 218356 2011-02-05 23:00:24Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+check '"$(PATH=/libexec command -V ld-elf.so.1)" = "ld-elf.so.1 is /libexec/ld-elf.so.1"'
+check '"$(PATH=/libexec command -V ld-elf.so.1; :)" = "ld-elf.so.1 is /libexec/ld-elf.so.1"'
+check '"$(PATH=/libexec command -pv ld-elf.so.1)" = ""'
+check '"$(PATH=/libexec command -pv ld-elf.so.1; :)" = ""'
+
+PATH=/libexec:$PATH
+
+check '"$(command -V ld-elf.so.1)" = "ld-elf.so.1 is /libexec/ld-elf.so.1"'
+check '"$(command -V ld-elf.so.1; :)" = "ld-elf.so.1 is /libexec/ld-elf.so.1"'
+check '"$(command -pv ld-elf.so.1)" = ""'
+check '"$(command -pv ld-elf.so.1; :)" = ""'
+
+PATH=/libexec
+
+check '"$(command -v ls)" = ""'
+case $(command -pv ls) in
+/*/ls) ;;
+*)
+	echo "Failed: \$(command -pv ls) match /*/ls"
+	: $((failures += 1)) ;;
+esac
+
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..50dfac3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/command8.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+IFS=,
+
+SPECIAL="break,\
+	:,\
+	continue,\
+	. /dev/null,\
+	eval,\
+	exec,\
+	export -p,\
+	readonly -p,\
+	set,\
+	shift 0,\
+	times,\
+	trap,\
+	unset foo"
+
+set -e
+
+# Check that special builtins can be executed via "command".
+
+set -- ${SPECIAL}
+for cmd in "$@"
+do
+	${SH} -c "v=:; while \$v; do v=false; command ${cmd}; done" >/dev/null
+done
+
+while :; do
+	command break
+	echo Error on line $LINENO
+done
+
+set p q r
+command shift 2
+if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
+	echo Error on line $LINENO
+fi
+
+(
+	command exec >/dev/null
+	echo Error on line $LINENO
+)
+
+set +e
+! command shift 2 2>/dev/null
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..821be0a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/command9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/command9.0 204801 2010-03-06 17:09:22Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+check '"$({ command eval shift x 2>/dev/null; } >/dev/null; echo hi)" = hi'
+
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/dot1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/dot1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a0bf12e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/dot1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/dot1.0 208629 2010-05-28 22:08:34Z jilles $
+
+failures=
+failure() {
+	echo "Error at line $1" >&2
+	failures=x$failures
+}
+
+T=$(mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX) || exit
+trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
+cd $T || exit 3
+unset x
+echo 'x=2' >testscript
+. ./testscript
+[ "$x" = 2 ] || failure $LINENO
+cd / || exit 3
+x=1
+PATH=$T:$PATH . testscript
+[ "$x" = 2 ] || failure $LINENO
+
+test -z "$failures"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/dot2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/dot2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..342e73b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/dot2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/dot2.0 208630 2010-05-28 22:40:24Z jilles $
+
+failures=
+failure() {
+	echo "Error at line $1" >&2
+	failures=x$failures
+}
+
+T=$(mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX) || exit
+trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
+cd $T || exit 3
+unset x
+echo 'x=2' >testscript
+. -- ./testscript
+[ "$x" = 2 ] || failure $LINENO
+cd / || exit 3
+x=1
+PATH=$T:$PATH . -- testscript
+[ "$x" = 2 ] || failure $LINENO
+
+test -z "$failures"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/dot3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/dot3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb67b7b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/dot3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/dot3.0 219390 2011-03-07 23:52:23Z jilles $
+
+# . should return 0 if no command was executed.
+
+if false; then
+	exit 3
+else
+	. /dev/null
+	exit $?
+fi
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/dot4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/dot4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b9e86ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/dot4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/dot4.0 222174 2011-05-22 12:15:14Z jilles $
+
+v=abcd
+v=$v$v$v$v
+v=$v$v$v$v
+v=$v$v$v$v
+v=$v$v$v$v
+v=$v$v$v$v
+r=$( (
+	trap 'exit 0' 0
+	. "$v"
+) 2>&1 >/dev/null) && [ -n "$r" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/echo1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/echo1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9267817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/echo1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/echo1.0 305305 2016-09-02 21:13:46Z jilles $
+
+# Not specified by POSIX.
+
+[ "`echo -n a b; echo c d; echo e f`" = "a bc d
+e f" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/echo2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/echo2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef3d606d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/echo2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/echo2.0 305305 2016-09-02 21:13:46Z jilles $
+
+# Not specified by POSIX.
+
+a=`echo -e '\a\b\e\f\n\r\t\v\\\\\0041\c'; echo .`
+b=`printf '\a\b\033\f\n\r\t\v\\\\!.'`
+[ "$a" = "$b" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/echo3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/echo3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..018417bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/echo3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/echo3.0 305305 2016-09-02 21:13:46Z jilles $
+
+# Not specified by POSIX.
+
+[ "`echo -e 'a\cb' c; echo d`" = "ad" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3888f1d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/eval1.0 193178 2009-05-31 17:23:27Z stefanf $
+set -e
+
+eval
+eval "" ""
+eval "true"
+! eval "false
+
+"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..04ed57dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/eval2.0 194897 2009-06-24 20:22:54Z jilles $
+
+eval '
+false
+
+' && exit 1
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..89b5398a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/eval3.0 196607 2009-08-27 22:23:23Z jilles $
+
+eval 'false;' && exit 1
+eval 'true;' || exit 1
+eval 'false;
+' && exit 1
+eval 'true;
+' || exit 1
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..111483c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/eval4.0 210738 2010-08-01 22:39:07Z jilles $
+
+# eval should preserve $? from command substitutions when starting
+# the parsed command.
+[ $(eval 'echo $?' $(false)) = 1 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..056ee756
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/eval5.0 210829 2010-08-03 22:17:29Z jilles $
+
+# eval should return 0 if no command was executed.
+eval $(false)
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..02097c76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/eval6.0 249220 2013-04-06 22:30:46Z jilles $
+
+# eval should preserve $? from command substitutions when starting
+# the parsed command.
+[ $(false; eval 'echo $?' $(:)) = 0 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..36cb7c4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/eval7.0 272983 2014-10-12 13:12:06Z jilles $
+# Assumes that break can break out of a loop outside eval.
+
+while :; do
+	eval "break
+echo bad1"
+	echo bad2
+	exit 3
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval8.7 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval8.7
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12a3e37e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/eval8.7
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/eval8.7 272983 2014-10-12 13:12:06Z jilles $
+
+f() {
+	eval "return 7
+echo bad2"
+}
+f
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exec1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exec1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19f2eef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exec1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/exec1.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+
+failures=
+failure() {
+	echo "Error at line $1" >&2
+	failures=x$failures
+}
+
+(
+	exec >/dev/null
+	echo bad
+)
+[ $? = 0 ] || failure $LINENO
+(
+	exec ${SH} -c 'exit 42'
+	echo bad
+)
+[ $? = 42 ] || failure $LINENO
+(
+	exec /var/empty/nosuch
+	echo bad
+) 2>/dev/null
+[ $? = 127 ] || failure $LINENO
+
+test -z "$failures"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exec2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exec2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b29bd5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exec2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/exec2.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+
+failures=
+failure() {
+	echo "Error at line $1" >&2
+	failures=x$failures
+}
+
+(
+	exec -- >/dev/null
+	echo bad
+)
+[ $? = 0 ] || failure $LINENO
+(
+	exec -- ${SH} -c 'exit 42'
+	echo bad
+)
+[ $? = 42 ] || failure $LINENO
+(
+	exec -- /var/empty/nosuch
+	echo bad
+) 2>/dev/null
+[ $? = 127 ] || failure $LINENO
+
+test -z "$failures"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exit1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exit1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ca4279c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exit1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/exit1.0 216871 2011-01-01 15:25:15Z jilles $
+
+# exit with an argument should overwrite the exit status in an EXIT trap.
+
+trap 'true; exit $?' 0
+false
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exit2.8 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exit2.8
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ee747ccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exit2.8
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/exit2.8 217172 2011-01-08 23:00:38Z jilles $
+
+# exit without arguments is the same as exit $? outside a trap.
+
+trap 'true; true' 0
+(exit 8)
+exit
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exit3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exit3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3855919d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/exit3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/exit3.0 217175 2011-01-08 23:08:13Z jilles $
+
+# exit without arguments differs from exit $? in an EXIT trap.
+
+trap 'false; exit' 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/export1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/export1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..77a098b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/export1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/export1.0 223183 2011-06-17 10:21:24Z jilles $
+
+env @badness=1 ${SH} -c 'v=`export -p`; eval "$v"'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/fc1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/fc1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e52e5884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/fc1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/fc1.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+set -e
+trap 'echo Broken pipe -- test failed' PIPE
+
+P=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}
+cd $P
+T=$(mktemp -d sh-test.XXXXXX)
+cd $T
+
+mkfifo input output error
+HISTFILE=/dev/null ${SH} +m -i <input >output 2>error &
+{
+	# Syntax error
+	echo ')' >&3
+	# Read error message, shell will read new input now
+	read dummy <&5
+	# Execute bad command again
+	echo 'fc -e true' >&3
+	# Verify that the shell is still running
+	echo 'echo continued' >&3 || rc=3
+	echo 'exit' >&3 || rc=3
+	read line <&4 && [ "$line" = continued ] && : ${rc:=0}
+} 3>input 4<output 5<error
+
+rm input output error
+rmdir ${P}/${T}
+exit ${rc:-3}
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/fc2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/fc2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9abf4485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/fc2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/fc2.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+set -e
+trap 'echo Broken pipe -- test failed' PIPE
+
+P=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}
+cd $P
+T=$(mktemp -d sh-test.XXXXXX)
+cd $T
+
+mkfifo input output error
+HISTFILE=/dev/null ${SH} +m -i <input >output 2>error &
+exec 3>input
+{
+	# Command not found, containing slash
+	echo '/var/empty/nonexistent' >&3
+	# Read error message, shell will read new input now
+	read dummy <&5
+	# Execute bad command again
+	echo 'fc -e true; echo continued' >&3
+	read dummy <&5
+	read line <&4 && [ "$line" = continued ] && : ${rc:=0}
+	exec 3>&-
+	# Old sh duplicates itself after the fc, producing another line
+	# of output.
+	if read line <&4; then
+		echo "Extraneous output: $line"
+		rc=1
+	fi
+} 4<output 5<error
+exec 3>&-
+
+rm input output error
+rmdir ${P}/${T}
+exit ${rc:-3}
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/for1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/for1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..51e01e48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/for1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/for1.0 226892 2011-10-28 23:02:21Z jilles $
+
+false
+for i in `false`; do exit 3; done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/for2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/for2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ab10d9ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/for2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/for2.0 230463 2012-01-22 14:00:33Z jilles $
+
+r=x
+f() { return 42; }
+f
+for i in x; do
+	r=$?
+done
+[ "$r" = 42 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/for3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/for3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f42cb958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/for3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/for3.0 230463 2012-01-22 14:00:33Z jilles $
+
+r=x
+f() { return 42; }
+for i in x`f`; do
+	r=$?
+done
+[ "$r" = 42 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ceca459f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/getopts1.0 297752 2016-04-09 16:06:13Z jilles $
+
+printf -- '-1-\n'
+set -- -abc
+getopts "ab:" OPTION
+printf '%s\n' "${OPTION}"
+
+# In this case 'getopts' should realize that we have not provided the
+# required argument for "-b".
+# Note that Solaris 10's (UNIX 03) /usr/xpg4/bin/sh, /bin/sh, and /bin/ksh;
+# ksh93 20090505; pdksh 5.2.14p2; mksh R39c; bash 4.1 PL7; and zsh 4.3.10.
+# all recognize that "b" is missing its argument on the *first* iteration
+# of 'getopts' and do not produce the "a" in $OPTION.
+printf -- '-2-\n'
+set -- -ab
+getopts "ab:" OPTION
+printf '%s\n' "${OPTION}"
+getopts "ab:" OPTION 3>&2 2>&1 >&3 3>&-
+printf '%s\n' "${OPTION}"
+
+# The 'shift' is aimed at causing an error.
+printf -- '-3-\n'
+shift 1
+getopts "ab:" OPTION
+printf '%s\n' "${OPTION}"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts1.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts1.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a0a347ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts1.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-1-
+a
+-2-
+a
+No arg for -b option
+?
+-3-
+?
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts10.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts10.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..59508f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts10.0
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/getopts10.0 293359 2016-01-07 20:48:24Z jilles $
+
+set -- -x arg
+opt=not
+getopts x opt
+r1=$? OPTIND1=$OPTIND opt1=$opt
+: $(: $((OPTIND = 1)))
+getopts x opt
+r2=$? OPTIND2=$OPTIND
+[ "$r1" = 0 ] && [ "$OPTIND1" = 2 ] && [ "$opt1" = x ] && [ "$r2" != 0 ] &&
+	[ "$OPTIND2" = 2 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e26a7d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/getopts2.0 297752 2016-04-09 16:06:13Z jilles $
+set - -ax
+getopts ax option
+set -C
+getopts ax option
+printf '%s\n' "$option"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts2.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts2.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..587be6b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts2.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..428ad5c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/getopts3.0 265616 2014-05-07 21:45:25Z jilles $
+
+shift $#
+getopts x opt
+r=$?
+[ "$r" != 0 ] && [ "$OPTIND" = 1 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b67831eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/getopts4.0 265616 2014-05-07 21:45:25Z jilles $
+
+set -- -x
+opt=not
+getopts x opt
+r1=$? OPTIND1=$OPTIND opt1=$opt
+getopts x opt
+r2=$? OPTIND2=$OPTIND
+[ "$r1" = 0 ] && [ "$OPTIND1" = 2 ] && [ "$opt1" = x ] && [ "$r2" != 0 ] &&
+	[ "$OPTIND2" = 2 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b350caba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/getopts5.0 265616 2014-05-07 21:45:25Z jilles $
+
+set -- -x arg
+opt=not
+getopts x opt
+r1=$? OPTIND1=$OPTIND opt1=$opt
+getopts x opt
+r2=$? OPTIND2=$OPTIND
+[ "$r1" = 0 ] && [ "$OPTIND1" = 2 ] && [ "$opt1" = x ] && [ "$r2" != 0 ] &&
+	[ "$OPTIND2" = 2 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..55724ddd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/getopts6.0 265844 2014-05-10 17:42:21Z jilles $
+
+set -- -x -y
+getopts :x var || echo "First getopts bad: $?"
+getopts :x var
+r=$?
+[ r != 0 ] && [ "$OPTIND" = 3 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3b9c01df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/getopts7.0 265844 2014-05-10 17:42:21Z jilles $
+
+set -- -x
+getopts :x: var
+r=$?
+[ r != 0 ] && [ "$OPTIND" = 2 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9855810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/getopts8.0 265849 2014-05-10 19:18:49Z jilles $
+
+set -- -yz -wx
+opt=wrong1 OPTARG=wrong2
+while getopts :x opt; do
+	echo "$opt:${OPTARG-unset}"
+done
+echo "OPTIND=$OPTIND"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts8.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts8.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f10cefcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts8.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+?:y
+?:z
+?:w
+x:unset
+OPTIND=3
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3f96c4da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/getopts9.0 297752 2016-04-09 16:06:13Z jilles $
+
+args='-ab'
+getopts ab opt $args
+printf '%s\n' "$?:$opt:$OPTARG"
+for dummy in dummy1 dummy2; do
+	getopts ab opt $args
+	printf '%s\n' "$?:$opt:$OPTARG"
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts9.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts9.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4d32063f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/getopts9.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+0:a:
+0:b:
+1:?:
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..58051796
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/hash1.0 149791 2005-09-05 09:42:10Z stefanf $
+cat /dev/null
+hash
+hash -r
+hash
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash1.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash1.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3afc3e7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash1.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/bin/cat
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d96f911c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/hash2.0 149791 2005-09-05 09:42:10Z stefanf $
+hash
+hash cat
+hash
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash2.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash2.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3afc3e7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash2.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/bin/cat
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..02d89695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/hash3.0 149791 2005-09-05 09:42:10Z stefanf $
+hash -v cat
+hash
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash3.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash3.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a34864cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash3.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/bin/cat
+/bin/cat
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bd07b83e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/hash4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/hash4.0 231535 2012-02-11 21:06:45Z jilles $
+
+exec 3>&1
+m=`hash nosuchtool 2>&1 >&3`
+r=$?
+[ "$r" != 0 ] && [ -n "$m" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/jobid1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/jobid1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fae17708
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/jobid1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/jobid1.0 254412 2013-08-16 13:48:11Z jilles $
+# Non-standard builtin.
+
+: &
+p1=$!
+p2=$(jobid)
+[ "${p1:?}" = "${p2:?}" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/jobid2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/jobid2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..abfa71ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/jobid2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/jobid2.0 254413 2013-08-16 13:56:43Z jilles $
+
+: &
+p1=$(jobid)
+p2=$(jobid --)
+p3=$(jobid %+)
+p4=$(jobid -- %+)
+[ "${p1:?}" = "${p2:?}" ] && [ "${p2:?}" = "${p3:?}" ] &&
+[ "${p3:?}" = "${p4:?}" ] && [ "${p4:?}" = "${p1:?}" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/kill1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/kill1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..844a0ab9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/kill1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/kill1.0 262931 2014-03-08 19:44:34Z jilles $
+
+: &
+p1=$!
+: &
+p2=$!
+wait $p2
+kill %1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/kill2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/kill2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c4e70e7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/kill2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/kill2.0 263206 2014-03-15 14:58:48Z jilles $
+
+sleep 1 | sleep 1 &
+kill %+
+wait "$!"
+r=$?
+[ "$r" -gt 128 ] && [ "$(kill -l "$r")" = TERM ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d70fdf12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno.0
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/lineno.0 179023 2008-05-15 19:58:44Z stefanf $
+echo $LINENO
+echo $LINENO
+
+f() {	
+	echo $LINENO
+	echo $LINENO
+}
+
+f
+
+echo ${LINENO:-foo}
+echo ${LINENO=foo}
+echo ${LINENO:+foo}
+echo ${LINENO+foo}
+echo ${#LINENO}
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82583a93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+2
+3
+2
+3
+12
+13
+foo
+foo
+2
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e232632d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/lineno2.0 262565 2014-02-27 16:54:43Z jilles $
+
+f() {
+	: ${LINENO+${x?}}
+}
+
+unset -v x
+command eval f 2>/dev/null && exit 3
+x=1
+f
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..69e99f76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/lineno3.0 272482 2014-10-03 20:24:56Z jilles $
+
+echo before: $LINENO
+dummy=$'a\0
+'
+echo after: $LINENO
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno3.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno3.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e0e4ac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/lineno3.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+before: 3
+after: 6
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a1fb2c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/local1.0 238469 2012-07-15 10:22:13Z jilles $
+# A commonly used but non-POSIX builtin.
+
+f() {
+	local x
+	x=2
+	[ "$x" = 2 ]
+}
+x=1
+f || exit 3
+[ "$x" = 1 ] || exit 3
+f || exit 3
+[ "$x" = 1 ] || exit 3
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..185cc39f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/local2.0 251797 2013-06-15 22:22:03Z jilles $
+
+f() {
+	local -
+	set -a
+	case $- in
+	*a*) : ;;
+	*) echo In-function \$- bad
+	esac
+}
+case $- in
+*a*) echo Initial \$- bad
+esac
+f
+case $- in
+*a*) echo Final \$- bad
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3f786408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/local3.0 251797 2013-06-15 22:22:03Z jilles $
+
+f() {
+	local "$@"
+	set -a
+	x=7
+	case $- in
+	*a*) : ;;
+	*) echo In-function \$- bad
+	esac
+	[ "$x" = 7 ] || echo In-function \$x bad
+}
+x=1
+case $- in
+*a*) echo Initial \$- bad
+esac
+f x -
+case $- in
+*a*) echo Intermediate \$- bad
+esac
+[ "$x" = 1 ] || echo Intermediate \$x bad
+f - x
+case $- in
+*a*) echo Final \$- bad
+esac
+[ "$x" = 1 ] || echo Final \$x bad
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b05dfed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/local4.0 254339 2013-08-14 21:59:48Z jilles $
+
+f() {
+	local -- x
+	x=2
+	[ "$x" = 2 ]
+}
+x=1
+f || exit 3
+[ "$x" = 1 ] || exit 3
+f || exit 3
+[ "$x" = 1 ] || exit 3
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..72bd616c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/local5.0 293635 2016-01-10 16:31:28Z jilles $
+
+f() {
+	local PATH IFS elem
+	IFS=:
+	for elem in ''$PATH''; do
+		PATH=/var/empty/$elem:$PATH
+	done
+	ls -d / >/dev/null
+}
+
+p1=$(command -v ls)
+f
+p2=$(command -v ls)
+[ "$p1" = "$p2" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88283edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/local6.0 294582 2016-01-22 18:10:36Z jilles $
+
+f() {
+	local x
+	readonly x=2
+}
+x=3
+f
+x=4
+[ "$x" = 4 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc820962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/local7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/local7.0 294593 2016-01-22 20:10:08Z jilles $
+
+f() {
+	local x
+	readonly x=2
+}
+unset x
+f
+x=4
+[ "$x" = 4 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/locale1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/locale1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3b6a0987
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/locale1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/locale1.0 218819 2011-02-18 20:37:09Z jilles $
+# Note: this test depends on strerror() using locale.
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $1 ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $1 at $2"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+unset LANG LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_MESSAGES
+unset LANGUAGE
+
+msgeng="No such file or directory"
+msgdut="Bestand of map niet gevonden"
+
+# Verify C locale error message.
+case $(command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgeng"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+# Various locale variables that should not affect the message.
+case $(LC_ALL=C command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgeng"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+case $(LC_ALL=C LANG=nl_NL.ISO8859-1 command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgeng"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+case $(LC_ALL=C LC_MESSAGES=nl_NL.ISO8859-1 command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgeng"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+case $(LC_CTYPE=nl_NL.ISO8859-1 command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgeng"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+# Verify Dutch message.
+case $(export LANG=nl_NL.ISO8859-1; command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgdut"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+case $(export LC_MESSAGES=nl_NL.ISO8859-1; command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgdut"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+case $(export LC_ALL=nl_NL.ISO8859-1; command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgdut"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+case $(LANG=nl_NL.ISO8859-1 command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgdut"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+case $(LC_MESSAGES=nl_NL.ISO8859-1 command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgdut"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+case $(LC_ALL=nl_NL.ISO8859-1 command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgdut"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+# Verify that command assignments do not set the locale persistently.
+case $(command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgeng"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+case $(LANG=nl_NL.ISO8859-1 command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1; command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgdut"*"$msgeng"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+case $(LC_MESSAGES=nl_NL.ISO8859-1 command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1; command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgdut"*"$msgeng"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+case $(LC_ALL=nl_NL.ISO8859-1 command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1; command . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgdut"*"$msgeng"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+# Check special builtin; add colon invocation to avoid depending on certain fix.
+case $(LC_ALL=nl_NL.ISO8859-1 . /var/empty/foo 2>&1; :) in
+	*"$msgdut"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+# Assignments on special builtins are exported to that builtin; the export
+# is not persistent.
+case $(LC_ALL=nl_NL.ISO8859-1 . /dev/null; . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgeng"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+case $(export LC_ALL; LC_ALL=nl_NL.ISO8859-1 . /dev/null; . /var/empty/foo 2>&1) in
+	*"$msgdut"*) ok=1 ;;
+	*) ok=0 ;;
+esac
+check '$ok -eq 1' $LINENO
+
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/locale2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/locale2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cdb17095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/locale2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/locale2.0 317912 2017-05-07 19:49:46Z jilles $
+
+$SH -c 'LC_ALL=C true; kill -INT $$; echo continued'
+r=$?
+[ "$r" -gt 128 ] && [ "$(kill -l "$r")" = INT ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/printf1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/printf1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0669bd49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/printf1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/printf1.0 214853 2010-11-05 21:47:58Z jilles $
+
+[ "$(printf '%c\0%s%d' x '\' 010 | tr '\0' Z)" = 'xZ\8' ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/printf2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/printf2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f85d39e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/printf2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/printf2.0 214853 2010-11-05 21:47:58Z jilles $
+
+[ "$(printf '%cZ%s%d' x '\' 010)" = 'xZ\8' ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/printf3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/printf3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e6a1dec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/printf3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/printf3.0 216606 2010-12-20 23:06:57Z jilles $
+
+set -e
+v=$(! printf "%d" @wrong 2>/dev/null)
+[ "$v" = "0" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/printf4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/printf4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ab6abef6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/printf4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/printf4.0 216606 2010-12-20 23:06:57Z jilles $
+
+set -e
+v=$(! printf "%d" 4wrong 2>/dev/null)
+[ "$v" = "4" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..753613d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/read1.0 190300 2009-03-22 23:00:52Z stefanf $
+set -e
+
+echo "1 2 3"		| { read a; echo "x${a}x"; }
+echo "1 2 3"		| { read a b; echo "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+echo "1 2 3"		| { read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+echo "1 2 3"		| { read a b c d; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x${d}x"; }
+
+echo "	1  2 3 "	| { read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+echo "	1  2 3 "	| { unset IFS; read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+echo "	1  2 3 "	| { IFS=$(printf ' \t\n') read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+echo "	1  2 3 "	| { IFS= read a b; echo "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+
+echo " 1,2 3 "		| { IFS=' ,' read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+echo ", 2 ,3"		| { IFS=' ,' read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+echo " 1 ,,3"		| { IFS=' ,' read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+echo " 1 , , 3"		| { IFS=' ,' read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+echo " 1 ,2 3,"		| { IFS=' ,' read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+echo " 1 ,2 3,,"	| { IFS=' ,' read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+
+echo " 1,2 3 "		| { IFS=', ' read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+echo ", 2 ,3"		| { IFS=', ' read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+echo " 1 ,,3"		| { IFS=', ' read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+echo " 1 , , 3"		| { IFS=', ' read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+echo " 1 ,2 3,"		| { IFS=', ' read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
+echo " 1 ,2 3,,"	| { IFS=', ' read a b c; echo "x${a}x${b}x${c}x"; }
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read1.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read1.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dbcb1af9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read1.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+x1 2 3x
+x1x2 3x
+x1x2x3x
+x1x2x3xx
+x1x2x3x
+x1x2x3x
+x1x2x3x
+x	1  2 3 xx
+x1x2x3x
+xx2x3x
+x1xx3x
+x1xx3x
+x1x2x3x
+x1x2x3,,x
+x1x2x3x
+xx2x3x
+x1xx3x
+x1xx3x
+x1x2x3x
+x1x2x3,,x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f41acd51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/read2.0 212187 2010-09-03 21:17:33Z jilles $
+
+set -e
+{
+	echo 1
+	echo two
+	echo three
+} | {
+	read x
+	[ "$x" = 1 ]
+	(read x
+	[ "$x" = two ])
+	read x
+	[ "$x" = three ]
+}
+
+T=`mktemp sh-test.XXXXXX`
+trap 'rm -f "$T"' 0
+{
+	echo 1
+	echo two
+	echo three
+} >$T
+{
+	read x
+	[ "$x" = 1 ]
+	(read x
+	[ "$x" = two ])
+	read x
+	[ "$x" = three ]
+} <$T
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..594ef6a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/read3.0 212330 2010-09-08 18:32:23Z jilles $
+
+printf '%s\n' 'a\ b c'	| { read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' 'a b\ c'	| { read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' 'a\:b:c'	| { IFS=: read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' 'a:b\:c'	| { IFS=: read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' '\ a'	| { read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' '\:a'	| { IFS=: read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' '\\'	| { read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' '\\\ a'	| { read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' '\\\ a'	| { read -r a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read3.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read3.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8ed98ca9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read3.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+xa bxcx
+xaxb cx
+xa:bxcx
+xaxb:cx
+x axx
+x:axx
+x\xx
+x\ axx
+x\\\xax
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a3a8f41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/read4.0 212339 2010-09-08 20:35:43Z jilles $
+
+printf '%s\n' '\a\ b c'	| { read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' '\a b\ c'	| { read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' '\a\:b:c'	| { IFS=: read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' '\a:b\:c'	| { IFS=: read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' '\\ a'	| { read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' '\\:a'	| { IFS=: read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' '\\\ a'	| { read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
+printf '%s\n' '\\\:a'	| { IFS=: read a b; printf '%s\n' "x${a}x${b}x"; }
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read4.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read4.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a8747a46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read4.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+xa bxcx
+xaxb cx
+xa:bxcx
+xaxb:cx
+x\xax
+x\xax
+x\ axx
+x\:axx
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60bca1f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/read5.0 218821 2011-02-18 20:51:13Z jilles $
+
+unset LC_ALL
+LC_CTYPE=en_US.ISO8859-1
+export LC_CTYPE
+
+# Note: the first and last characters are not whitespace.
+# Exclude backslash and newline.
+bad1=`printf %03o \'\\\\`
+bad2=`printf %03o \''
+'`
+e=
+for i in 0 1 2 3; do
+	for j in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
+		for k in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
+			case $i$j$k in
+			000|$bad1|$bad2) continue ;;
+			esac
+			e="$e\\$i$j$k"
+		done
+	done
+done
+e=`printf "$e"`
+[ "${#e}" = 253 ] || echo length bad
+
+r1=`printf '%s\n' "$e" | { read -r x; printf '%s' "$x"; }`
+[ "$r1" = "$e" ] || echo "read with -r bad"
+r2=`printf '%s\n' "$e" | { read x; printf '%s' "$x"; }`
+[ "$r2" = "$e" ] || echo "read without -r bad 1"
+IFS=
+r3=`printf '%s\n' "$e" | { read x; printf '%s' "$x"; }`
+[ "$r3" = "$e" ] || echo "read without -r bad 2"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..784f59af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/read6.0 247190 2013-02-23 15:15:41Z jilles $
+
+: | read x
+r=$?
+[ "$r" = 1 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2df732b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/read7.0 250214 2013-05-03 15:28:31Z jilles $
+
+{ errmsg=`read x <&- 2>&1 >&3`; } 3>&1
+r=$?
+[ "$r" -ge 2 ] && [ "$r" -le 128 ] && [ -n "$errmsg" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2ff60144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/read8.0 286826 2015-08-16 12:57:17Z jilles $
+
+read a b c <<\EOF
+\
+A\
+ \
+ \
+ \
+B\
+ \
+ \
+C\
+ \
+ \
+ \
+EOF
+[ "$a.$b.$c" = "A.B.C" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dbd76d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/read9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/read9.0 287308 2015-08-30 17:24:22Z jilles $
+
+empty=''
+read a b c <<EOF
+\ \ A B\ \ B C\ \ $empty
+EOF
+read d e <<EOF
+D\ $empty
+EOF
+[ "$a.$b.$c.$d.$e" = "  A.B  B.C  .D ." ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..26ae07ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/return1.0 149791 2005-09-05 09:42:10Z stefanf $
+f() {
+	return 0
+	exit 1
+}
+
+f
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return2.1 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return2.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ed4dbe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return2.1
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/return2.1 149791 2005-09-05 09:42:10Z stefanf $
+f() {
+	true && return 1
+	return 0
+}
+
+f
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return3.1 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return3.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b34d0040
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return3.1
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/return3.1 149791 2005-09-05 09:42:10Z stefanf $
+return 1
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..606e55e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/return4.0 208629 2010-05-28 22:08:34Z jilles $
+
+failures=
+failure() {
+	echo "Error at line $1" >&2
+	failures=x$failures
+}
+
+T=$(mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX) || exit
+trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
+cd $T || exit 3
+echo 'return 42; exit 4' >testscript
+. ./testscript
+[ "$?" = 42 ] || failure $LINENO
+
+test -z "$failures"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ce02b32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/return5.0 211349 2010-08-15 21:06:53Z jilles $
+
+if [ "$1" != nested ]; then
+	f() {
+		set -- nested
+		. "$0"
+		# Allow return to return from the function or the dot script.
+		return 4
+	}
+	f
+	exit $(($? ^ 4))
+fi
+# To trigger the bug, the following commands must be at the top level,
+# with newlines in between.
+return 4
+echo bad
+exit 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return6.4 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return6.4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1e1eaec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return6.4
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/return6.4 212475 2010-09-11 15:07:40Z jilles $
+
+while return 4; do exit 3; done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return7.4 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return7.4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de459c15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return7.4
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/return7.4 212475 2010-09-11 15:07:40Z jilles $
+
+f() {
+	while return 4; do exit 3; done
+}
+f
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e3b667a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/return8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/return8.0 255215 2013-09-04 22:10:16Z jilles $
+
+if [ "$1" = nested ]; then
+	return 17
+fi
+
+f() {
+	set -- nested
+	. "$0"
+	return $(($? ^ 1))
+}
+f
+exit $(($? ^ 16))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/set1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/set1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc39fade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/set1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# $FreeBSD$
+
+set +C
+set +f
+set -e
+
+settings=$(set +o)
+set -C
+set -f
+set +e
+case $- in
+*C*) ;;
+*) echo missing C ;;
+esac
+case $- in
+*f*) ;;
+*) echo missing C ;;
+esac
+case $- in
+*e*) echo bad e ;;
+esac
+eval "$settings"
+case $- in
+*C*) echo bad C ;;
+esac
+case $- in
+*f*) echo bad f ;;
+esac
+case $- in
+*e*) ;;
+*) echo missing e ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/set2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/set2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..38be55ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/set2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/set2.0 223183 2011-06-17 10:21:24Z jilles $
+
+! env @badness=1 ${SH} -c 'v=`set`; eval "$v"' 2>&1 | grep @badness
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/set3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/set3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2772e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/set3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/set3.0 296578 2016-03-09 21:05:21Z jilles $
+
+settings1=$(set +o) && set -o nolog && settings2=$(set +o) &&
+[ "$settings1" != "$settings2" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..061a84cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap1.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+
+test "$(trap 'echo trapped' EXIT; :)" = trapped || exit 1
+
+test "$(trap 'echo trapped' EXIT; /usr/bin/true)" = trapped || exit 1
+
+result=$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo trapped" EXIT; /usr/bin/false')
+test $? -eq 1 || exit 1
+test "$result" = trapped || exit 1
+
+result=$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo trapped" EXIT; exec /usr/bin/false')
+test $? -eq 1 || exit 1
+test -z "$result" || exit 1
+
+result=0
+trap 'result=$((result+1))' INT
+kill -INT $$
+test "$result" -eq 1 || exit 1
+(kill -INT $$)
+test "$result" -eq 2 || exit 1
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap10.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap10.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..23515454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap10.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap10.0 230212 2012-01-16 11:07:46Z dumbbell $
+
+# Check that the return statement will not break the EXIT trap, ie. all
+# trap commands are executed before the script exits.
+
+test "$(trap 'printf trap; echo ped' EXIT; f() { return; }; f)" = trapped || exit 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap11.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap11.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..63eddeee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap11.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap11.0 230212 2012-01-16 11:07:46Z dumbbell $
+
+# Check that the return statement will not break the USR1 trap, ie. all
+# trap commands are executed before the script resumes.
+
+result=$(${SH} -c 'trap "printf trap; echo ped" USR1; f() { return $(kill -USR1 $$); }; f')
+test $? -eq 0 || exit 1
+test "$result" = trapped || exit 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap12.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap12.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..134391f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap12.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap12.0 247720 2013-03-03 17:33:59Z jilles $
+
+f() {
+	trap 'return 42' USR1
+	kill -USR1 $$
+	return 3
+}
+f
+r=$?
+[ "$r" = 42 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap13.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap13.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..38678bf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap13.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap13.0 257399 2013-10-30 21:36:15Z jilles $
+
+{
+	trap 'exit 0' INT
+	${SH} -c 'kill -INT $PPID'
+	exit 3
+} &
+wait $!
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap14.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap14.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce49b4c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap14.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap14.0 257399 2013-10-30 21:36:15Z jilles $
+
+{
+	trap - INT
+	${SH} -c 'kill -INT $PPID' &
+	wait
+} &
+wait $!
+r=$?
+[ "$r" -gt 128 ] && [ "$(kill -l "$r")" = INT ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap15.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap15.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5bb7aeb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap15.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap15.0 281718 2015-04-18 23:49:57Z bdrewery $
+
+(${SH} -c 'term(){ exit 5;}; trap term TERM; kill -TERM $$') &
+wait >/dev/null 2>&1 $!
+[ $? -eq 5 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap16.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap16.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c960546
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap16.0
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap16.0 281718 2015-04-18 23:49:57Z bdrewery $
+
+traps=$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bad" 0; trap - 0; trap')
+[ -z "$traps" ] || exit 1
+traps=$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bad" 0; trap "" 0; trap')
+expected_traps=$(${SH} -c 'trap "" EXIT; trap')
+[ "$traps" = "$expected_traps" ] || exit 2
+traps=$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bad" 0; trap 0; trap')
+[ -z "$traps" ] || exit 3
+traps=$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bad" 0; trap -- 0; trap')
+[ -z "$traps" ] || exit 4
+traps=$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bad" 0 1 2; trap - 0 1 2; trap')
+[ -z "$traps" ] || exit 5
+traps=$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bad" 0 1 2; trap "" 0 1 2; trap')
+expected_traps=$(${SH} -c 'trap "" EXIT HUP INT; trap')
+[ "$traps" = "$expected_traps" ] || exit 6
+traps=$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bad" 0 1 2; trap 0 1 2; trap')
+[ -z "$traps" ] || exit 7
+traps=$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bad" 0 1 2; trap -- 0 1 2; trap')
+[ -z "$traps" ] || exit 8
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap17.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap17.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ec2e5870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap17.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap17.0 297360 2016-03-28 18:58:40Z jilles $
+# This use-after-free bug probably needs non-default settings to show up.
+
+v1=nothing v2=nothing
+trap 'trap "echo bad" USR1
+v1=trap_received
+v2=trap_invoked
+:' USR1
+kill -USR1 "$$"
+[ "$v1.$v2" = trap_received.trap_invoked ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..020dcfd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap2.0 194517 2009-06-19 22:15:59Z jilles $
+# This is really a test for outqstr(), which is readily accessible via trap.
+
+runtest()
+{
+	teststring=$1
+	trap -- "$teststring" USR1
+	traps=$(trap)
+	if [ "$teststring" != "-" ] && [ -z "$traps" ]; then
+		# One possible reading of POSIX requires the above to return an
+		# empty string because backquote commands are executed in a
+		# subshell and subshells shall reset traps. However, an example
+		# in the normative description of the trap builtin shows the
+		# same usage as here, it is useful and our /bin/sh allows it.
+		echo '$(trap) is broken'
+		exit 1
+	fi
+	trap - USR1
+	eval "$traps"
+	traps2=$(trap)
+	if [ "$traps" != "$traps2" ]; then
+		echo "Mismatch for '$teststring'"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+}
+
+runtest 'echo'
+runtest 'echo hi'
+runtest "'echo' 'hi'"
+runtest '"echo" $PATH'
+runtest '\echo "$PATH"'
+runtest ' 0'
+runtest '0 '
+runtest ' 1'
+runtest '1 '
+i=1
+while [ $i -le 127 ]; do
+	c=$(printf \\"$(printf %o $i)")
+	if [ $i -lt 48 ] || [ $i -gt 57 ]; then
+		runtest "$c"
+	fi
+	runtest " $c$c"
+	runtest "a$c"
+	i=$((i+1))
+done
+IFS=,
+runtest ' '
+runtest ','
+unset IFS
+runtest ' '
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e08f7355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap3.0 218889 2011-02-20 14:18:58Z jilles $
+
+{
+	trap '' garbage && exit 3
+	trap - garbage && exit 3
+	trap true garbage && exit 3
+	trap '' 99999 && exit 3
+	trap - 99999 && exit 3
+	trap true 99999 && exit 3
+} 2>/dev/null
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c31f165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap4.0 217035 2011-01-05 23:17:29Z jilles $
+
+T=$(mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX)
+trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
+cd $T || exit 3
+mkfifo fifo1
+
+v=$(
+	exec 3>&1
+	: <fifo1 &
+	{
+		wait $!
+		trap 'trap "" PIPE; echo trapped >&3 2>/dev/null' PIPE
+		echo x 2>/dev/null
+	} >fifo1
+)
+test "$v" = trapped
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..541dff30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap5.0 217461 2011-01-15 21:09:00Z jilles $
+
+set -e
+trap - USR1
+initial=$(trap)
+trap -- -l USR1
+added=$(trap)
+[ -n "$added" ]
+trap - USR1
+second=$(trap)
+[ "$initial" = "$second" ]
+eval "$added"
+added2=$(trap)
+added3=$(trap --)
+[ "$added" = "$added2" ]
+[ "$added2" = "$added3" ]
+trap -- - USR1
+third=$(trap)
+[ "$initial" = "$third" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e28097a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap6.0 217472 2011-01-16 13:56:41Z jilles $
+
+v=$(
+	${SH} -c 'trap "echo ok; exit" USR1; kill -USR1 $$' &
+	# Suppress possible message about exit on signal
+	wait $! >/dev/null 2>&1
+)
+r=$(kill -l $?)
+[ "$v" = "ok" ] && { [ "$r" = "USR1" ] || [ "$r" = "usr1" ]; }
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a6facbdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap7.0 217996 2011-01-27 23:08:20Z jilles $
+
+[ "$(trap 'echo trapped' EXIT)" = trapped ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9cb2cc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap8.0 218889 2011-02-20 14:18:58Z jilles $
+
+# I am not sure if POSIX requires the shell to continue processing
+# further trap names in the same trap command after an invalid one.
+
+test -n "$(trap true garbage TERM 2>/dev/null || trap)" || exit 3
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cfcee29d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/trap9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/trap9.0 230211 2012-01-16 10:59:44Z dumbbell $
+
+test "$(trap 'printf trap; echo ped' EXIT; f() { :; }; f)" = trapped || exit 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/type1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/type1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b4a6db2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/type1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/type1.0 165931 2007-01-11 00:25:20Z stefanf $
+command -v not-here && exit 1
+command -v /not-here && exit 1
+command -V not-here && exit 1
+command -V /not-here && exit 1
+type not-here && exit 1
+type /not-here && exit 1
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/type1.0.stderr b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/type1.0.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7853418a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/type1.0.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+not-here: not found
+/not-here: No such file or directory
+not-here: not found
+/not-here: No such file or directory
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/type2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/type2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82891e50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/type2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/type2.0 201344 2009-12-31 17:44:24Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "$*"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+check 'PATH=/libexec type ld-elf.so.1 >/dev/null'
+check '! PATH=/libexec type ls 2>/dev/null'
+
+PATH=/libexec:$PATH
+
+check 'type ld-elf.so.1 >/dev/null'
+
+PATH=/libexec
+
+check 'type ld-elf.so.1 >/dev/null'
+check '! type ls 2>/dev/null'
+check 'PATH=/bin type ls >/dev/null'
+check '! PATH=/bin type ld-elf.so.1 2>/dev/null'
+
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/type3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/type3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e60d40ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/type3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/type3.0 255072 2013-08-30 12:09:59Z jilles $
+
+[ "$(type type)" = "$(type -- type)" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/unalias.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/unalias.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..813fea14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/unalias.0
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/unalias.0 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+
+alias false=true
+false
+unalias false
+false && exit 1
+unalias false && exit 1
+
+alias a1=foo a2=bar
+unalias a1 a2
+unalias a1 && exit 1
+unalias a2 && exit 1
+alias a2=bar
+unalias a1 a2 && exit 1
+
+alias a1=foo a2=bar
+unalias -a
+unalias a1 && exit 1
+unalias a2 && exit 1
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/var-assign.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/var-assign.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9869795e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/var-assign.0
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/var-assign.0 327281 2017-12-28 08:22:26Z eadler $
+IFS=,
+
+SPECIAL="break,\
+	:,\
+	continue,\
+	. /dev/null,
+	eval,
+	exec,
+	export -p,
+	readonly -p,
+	set,
+	shift 0,
+	times,
+	trap,
+	unset foo"
+
+UTILS="alias,\
+	bg,\
+	bind,\
+	cd,\
+	command echo,\
+	echo,\
+	false,\
+	fc -l,\
+	fg,\
+	getopts a var,\
+	hash,\
+	jobs,\
+	printf a,\
+	pwd,\
+	read var < /dev/null,\
+	test,\
+	true,\
+	type ls,\
+	ulimit,\
+	umask,\
+	unalias -a,\
+	wait"
+
+set -e
+
+# For special built-ins variable assignments affect the shell environment.
+set -- ${SPECIAL}
+for cmd in "$@"
+do
+	${SH} -c "VAR=1; VAR=0 ${cmd}; exit \${VAR}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+done
+
+# For other built-ins and utilities they do not.
+set -- ${UTILS}
+for cmd in "$@"
+do
+	${SH} -c "VAR=0; VAR=1 ${cmd}; exit \${VAR}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/var-assign2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/var-assign2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ff60f72a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/var-assign2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/var-assign2.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+IFS=,
+
+SPECIAL="break,\
+	:,\
+	continue,\
+	. /dev/null,\
+	eval,\
+	exec,\
+	export -p,\
+	readonly -p,\
+	set,\
+	shift 0,\
+	times,\
+	trap,\
+	unset foo"
+
+UTILS="alias,\
+	bg,\
+	bind,\
+	cd,\
+	command echo,\
+	echo,\
+	false,\
+	fc -l,\
+	fg,\
+	getopts a var,\
+	hash,\
+	jobs,\
+	printf a,\
+	pwd,\
+	read var < /dev/null,\
+	test,\
+	true,\
+	type ls,\
+	ulimit,\
+	umask,\
+	unalias -a,\
+	wait"
+
+set -e
+
+# With 'command', variable assignments do not affect the shell environment.
+
+set -- ${SPECIAL}
+for cmd in "$@"
+do
+	${SH} -c "VAR=0; VAR=1 command ${cmd}; exit \${VAR}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+done
+
+set -- ${UTILS}
+for cmd in "$@"
+do
+	${SH} -c "VAR=0; VAR=1 command ${cmd}; exit \${VAR}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e8ae080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/wait1.0 208476 2010-05-23 22:10:20Z jilles $
+
+failures=
+failure() {
+	echo "Error at line $1" >&2
+	failures=x$failures
+}
+
+exit 4 & p4=$!
+exit 8 & p8=$!
+wait $p4
+[ $? = 4 ] || failure $LINENO
+wait $p8
+[ $? = 8 ] || failure $LINENO
+
+exit 3 & p3=$!
+exit 7 & p7=$!
+wait $p7
+[ $? = 7 ] || failure $LINENO
+wait $p3
+[ $? = 3 ] || failure $LINENO
+
+test -z "$failures"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait10.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait10.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f2f51855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait10.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/wait10.0 251430 2013-06-05 19:40:52Z jilles $
+# Init cannot be a child of the shell.
+exit 49 & p49=$!
+wait 1 "$p49"
+[ "$?" = 49 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6a93607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/wait2.0 208476 2010-05-23 22:10:20Z jilles $
+
+failures=
+failure() {
+	echo "Error at line $1" >&2
+	failures=x$failures
+}
+
+for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10; do
+	exit $i &
+done
+wait || failure $LINENO
+wait || failure $LINENO
+
+test -z "$failures"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b03d07f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/wait3.0 236771 2012-06-08 22:54:25Z jilles $
+
+failures=
+failure() {
+	echo "Error at line $1" >&2
+	failures=x$failures
+}
+
+T=$(mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX)
+trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
+cd $T || exit 3
+mkfifo fifo1
+for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10; do
+	exit $i 4<fifo1 &
+done
+exec 3>fifo1
+wait || failure $LINENO
+(${SH} -c echo >&3) 2>/dev/null && failure $LINENO
+wait || failure $LINENO
+
+test -z "$failures"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dbaeeb10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/wait4.0 247206 2013-02-23 22:50:57Z jilles $
+
+T=`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX`
+trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
+cd $T || exit 3
+mkfifo fifo1
+trapped=
+trap trapped=1 QUIT
+{ kill -QUIT $$; sleep 1; exit 4; } >fifo1 &
+wait $! <fifo1
+r=$?
+[ "$r" -gt 128 ] && [ -n "$trapped" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b9a8ed49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/wait5.0 247206 2013-02-23 22:50:57Z jilles $
+
+T=`mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX`
+trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
+cd $T || exit 3
+mkfifo fifo1
+trapped=
+trap trapped=1 QUIT
+{ kill -QUIT $$; sleep 1; exit 4; } >fifo1 &
+wait <fifo1
+r=$?
+[ "$r" -gt 128 ] && [ -n "$trapped" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a790ae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/wait6.0 248349 2013-03-15 20:29:31Z jilles $
+
+wait --
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..893cdcb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/wait7.0 248349 2013-03-15 20:29:31Z jilles $
+
+: &
+wait -- $!
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8212035b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/wait8.0 251429 2013-06-05 19:08:22Z jilles $
+
+exit 44 & p44=$!
+exit 45 & p45=$!
+exit 7 & p7=$!
+wait "$p44" "$p7" "$p45"
+[ "$?" = 45 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait9.127 b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait9.127
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0e0866c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/builtins/wait9.127
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/builtins/wait9.127 251430 2013-06-05 19:40:52Z jilles $
+# Init cannot be a child of the shell.
+wait 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/Makefile b/bin/cash/tests/errors/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4de701b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/Makefile 319575 2017-06-04 20:52:55Z jilles $
+
+PACKAGE=	tests
+
+TESTSDIR=	${TESTSBASE}/bin/sh/${.CURDIR:T}
+
+.PATH: ${.CURDIR:H}
+ATF_TESTS_SH=	functional_test
+
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		assignment-error1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		assignment-error2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		backquote-error1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		backquote-error2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bad-binary1.126
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bad-keyword1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bad-parm-exp1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bad-parm-exp2.2 bad-parm-exp2.2.stderr
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bad-parm-exp3.2 bad-parm-exp3.2.stderr
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bad-parm-exp4.2 bad-parm-exp4.2.stderr
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bad-parm-exp5.2 bad-parm-exp5.2.stderr
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bad-parm-exp6.2 bad-parm-exp6.2.stderr
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bad-parm-exp7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bad-parm-exp8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		option-error.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redirection-error.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redirection-error2.2
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redirection-error3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redirection-error4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redirection-error5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redirection-error6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redirection-error7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redirection-error8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		write-error1.0
+
+.include <bsd.test.mk>
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/assignment-error1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/assignment-error1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..029662a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/assignment-error1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/assignment-error1.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+IFS=,
+
+SPECIAL="break,\
+	:,\
+	continue,\
+	. /dev/null,\
+	eval,\
+	exec,\
+	export -p,\
+	readonly -p,\
+	set,\
+	shift,\
+	times,\
+	trap,\
+	unset foo"
+
+# If there is no command word, the shell must abort on an assignment error.
+${SH} -c "readonly a=0; a=2; exit 0" 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+
+# Special built-in utilities must abort on an assignment error.
+set -- ${SPECIAL}
+for cmd in "$@"
+do
+	${SH} -c "readonly a=0; a=2 ${cmd}; exit 0" 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+done
+
+# Other utilities must not abort; we currently still execute them.
+${SH} -c 'readonly a=0; a=1 true; exit $a' 2>/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -c 'readonly a=0; a=1 command :; exit $a' 2>/dev/null || exit 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/assignment-error2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/assignment-error2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..10b7c2ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/assignment-error2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/assignment-error2.0 216870 2011-01-01 13:26:18Z jilles $
+
+set -e
+HOME=/
+readonly HOME
+cd /sbin
+{ HOME=/bin cd; } 2>/dev/null || :
+[ "$(pwd)" != /bin ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/backquote-error1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/backquote-error1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c7d99a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/backquote-error1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/backquote-error1.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+
+echo 'echo `for` echo ".BAD"CODE.' | ${SH} +m -i 2>&1 | grep -q BADCODE && exit 1
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/backquote-error2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/backquote-error2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..291cff4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/backquote-error2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/backquote-error2.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+
+${SH} -c 'echo `echo .BA"DCODE.`
+echo ".BAD"CODE.' 2>&1 | grep -q BADCODE && exit 1
+echo '`"`' | ${SH} -n 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+echo '`'"'"'`' | ${SH} -n 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-binary1.126 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-binary1.126
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa50fb57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-binary1.126
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/bad-binary1.126 218320 2011-02-05 12:54:59Z jilles $
+# Checking for binary "scripts" without magic number is permitted but not
+# required by POSIX. However, it is preferable to getting errors like
+# Syntax error: word unexpected (expecting ")")
+# from trying to execute ELF binaries for the wrong architecture.
+
+T=`mktemp -d "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXXXX"` || exit
+trap 'rm -rf "${T}"' 0
+printf '\0echo bad\n' >"$T/testshellproc"
+chmod 755 "$T/testshellproc"
+PATH=$T:$PATH
+testshellproc 2>/dev/null
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-keyword1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-keyword1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d89b6c8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-keyword1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/bad-keyword1.0 216398 2010-12-12 21:18:16Z jilles $
+
+echo ':; fi' | ${SH} -n 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b10b13c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp1.0 164004 2006-11-05 18:41:23Z stefanf $
+false && {
+	${}
+	${foo/}
+	${foo@bar}
+}
+:
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp2.2 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp2.2
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5d5e373d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp2.2
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp2.2 270101 2014-08-17 14:26:12Z jilles $
+eval '${}'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp2.2.stderr b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp2.2.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..51ea69ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp2.2.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+eval: ${}: Bad substitution
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp3.2 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp3.2
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..942dc83b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp3.2
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp3.2 270101 2014-08-17 14:26:12Z jilles $
+eval '${foo/}'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp3.2.stderr b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp3.2.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70473f9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp3.2.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+eval: ${foo/}: Bad substitution
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp4.2 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp4.2
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7e70c65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp4.2
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp4.2 270101 2014-08-17 14:26:12Z jilles $
+eval '${foo:@abc}'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp4.2.stderr b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp4.2.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3363f517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp4.2.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+eval: ${foo:@...}: Bad substitution
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp5.2 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp5.2
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..79077c4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp5.2
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp5.2 270101 2014-08-17 14:26:12Z jilles $
+eval '${/}'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp5.2.stderr b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp5.2.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..13763f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp5.2.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+eval: ${/}: Bad substitution
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp6.2 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp6.2
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb18b212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp6.2
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp6.2 270101 2014-08-17 14:26:12Z jilles $
+eval '${#foo^}'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp6.2.stderr b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp6.2.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cc56f65b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp6.2.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+eval: ${foo...}: Bad substitution
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f47ac84c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp7.0 287081 2015-08-23 20:44:53Z jilles $
+
+v=1
+eval ": $(printf '${v-${\372}}')"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..59aa8f6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/bad-parm-exp8.0 287081 2015-08-23 20:44:53Z jilles $
+
+v=1
+eval ": $(printf '${v-${w\372}}')"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/option-error.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/option-error.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dbfc81df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/option-error.0
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/option-error.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+IFS=,
+
+SPECIAL="break abc,\
+	continue abc,\
+	.,
+	exit abc,
+	export -x,
+	readonly -x,
+	return abc,
+	set -z,
+	shift abc,
+	trap -y,
+	unset -y"
+
+UTILS="alias -y,\
+	cat -z,\
+	cd abc def,\
+	command break abc,\
+	expr 1 +,\
+	fc -z,\
+	getopts,\
+	hash -z,\
+	jobs -z,\
+	printf,\
+	pwd abc,\
+	read,\
+	test abc =,\
+	ulimit -z,\
+	umask -z,\
+	unalias -z,\
+	wait abc"
+
+# Special built-in utilities must abort on an option or operand error.
+set -- ${SPECIAL}
+for cmd in "$@"
+do
+	${SH} -c "${cmd}; exit 0" 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+done
+
+# Other utilities must not abort.
+set -- ${UTILS}
+for cmd in "$@"
+do
+	${SH} -c "${cmd}; exit 0" 2>/dev/null || exit 1
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5dfd7f65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error.0
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/redirection-error.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+IFS=,
+
+SPECIAL="break,\
+	:,\
+	continue,\
+	. /dev/null,
+	eval,
+	exec,
+	export -p,
+	readonly -p,
+	set,
+	shift,
+	times,
+	trap,
+	unset foo"
+
+UTILS="alias,\
+	bg,\
+	bind,\
+	cd,\
+	command echo,\
+	echo,\
+	false,\
+	fc -l,\
+	fg,\
+	getopts a -a,\
+	hash,\
+	jobs,\
+	printf a,\
+	pwd,\
+	read var < /dev/null,\
+	test,\
+	true,\
+	type ls,\
+	ulimit,\
+	umask,\
+	unalias -a,\
+	wait"
+
+# Special built-in utilities must abort on a redirection error.
+set -- ${SPECIAL}
+for cmd in "$@"
+do
+	${SH} -c "${cmd} > /; exit 0" 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+done
+
+# Other utilities must not abort.
+set -- ${UTILS}
+for cmd in "$@"
+do
+	${SH} -c "${cmd} > /; exit 0" 2>/dev/null || exit 1
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error2.2 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error2.2
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..066f393a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error2.2
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/redirection-error2.2 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+
+# sh should fail gracefully on this bad redirect
+${SH} -c 'echo 1 >&$a' 2>/dev/null
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c20e6adc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/redirection-error3.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+IFS=,
+
+SPECIAL="break,\
+	:,\
+	continue,\
+	. /dev/null,\
+	eval,\
+	exec,\
+	export -p,\
+	readonly -p,\
+	set,\
+	shift,\
+	times,\
+	trap,\
+	unset foo"
+
+UTILS="alias,\
+	bg,\
+	bind,\
+	cd,\
+	command echo,\
+	echo,\
+	false,\
+	fc -l,\
+	fg,\
+	getopts a -a,\
+	hash,\
+	jobs,\
+	printf a,\
+	pwd,\
+	read var < /dev/null,\
+	test,\
+	true,\
+	type ls,\
+	ulimit,\
+	umask,\
+	unalias -a,\
+	wait"
+
+# When used with 'command', neither special built-in utilities nor other
+# utilities must abort on a redirection error.
+
+set -- ${SPECIAL}
+for cmd in "$@"
+do
+	${SH} -c "command ${cmd} > /; exit 0" 2>/dev/null || exit 1
+done
+
+set -- ${UTILS}
+for cmd in "$@"
+do
+	${SH} -c "command ${cmd} > /; exit 0" 2>/dev/null || exit 1
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86b11c5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/redirection-error4.0 205138 2010-03-13 22:53:17Z jilles $
+# A redirection error should not abort the shell if there is no command word.
+exec 2>/dev/null
+</var/empty/x
+</var/empty/x y=2
+y=2 </var/empty/x
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5664744d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/redirection-error5.0 205153 2010-03-14 13:51:12Z jilles $
+# A redirection error on a subshell should not abort the shell.
+exec 2>/dev/null
+( echo bad ) </var/empty/x
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7bbc808a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/redirection-error6.0 205154 2010-03-14 14:24:35Z jilles $
+# A redirection error on a compound command should not abort the shell.
+exec 2>/dev/null
+{ echo bad; } </var/empty/x
+if :; then echo bad; fi </var/empty/x
+for i in 1; do echo bad; done </var/empty/x
+i=0
+while [ $i = 0 ]; do echo bad; i=1; done </var/empty/x
+i=0
+until [ $i != 0 ]; do echo bad; i=1; done </var/empty/x
+case i in *) echo bad ;; esac </var/empty/x
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0d67105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/redirection-error7.0 216851 2010-12-31 18:20:17Z jilles $
+
+! dummy=$(
+	exec 3>&1 >&2 2>&3
+	ulimit -n 9
+	exec 9<.
+) && [ -n "$dummy" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a1f33077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/redirection-error8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/redirection-error8.0 319575 2017-06-04 20:52:55Z jilles $
+
+$SH -c '{ { :; } </var/empty/x; } 2>/dev/null || kill -INT $$; echo continued'
+r=$?
+[ "$r" -gt 128 ] && [ "$(kill -l "$r")" = INT ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/errors/write-error1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/errors/write-error1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a35bfa7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/errors/write-error1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/errors/write-error1.0 244924 2013-01-01 12:48:24Z jilles $
+
+! echo >&- 2>/dev/null
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/Makefile b/bin/cash/tests/execution/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99963afb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/Makefile 308229 2016-11-02 22:33:37Z jilles $
+
+PACKAGE=	tests
+
+TESTSDIR=	${TESTSBASE}/bin/sh/${.CURDIR:T}
+
+.PATH: ${.CURDIR:H}
+ATF_TESTS_SH=	functional_test
+
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bg1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bg2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bg3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bg4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bg5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bg6.0 bg6.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bg7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bg8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bg9.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		bg10.0 bg10.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		fork1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		fork2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		fork3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		func1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		func2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		func3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		hash1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		int-cmd1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		killed1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		killed2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		not1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		not2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		path1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redir1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redir2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redir3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redir4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redir5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redir6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		redir7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		set-C1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		set-n1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		set-n2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		set-n3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		set-n4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		set-x1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		set-x2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		set-x3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		set-x4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		shellproc1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		subshell1.0 subshell1.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		subshell2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		subshell3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		subshell4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		unknown1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=		var-assign1.0
+
+.include <bsd.test.mk>
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7336ceab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/bg1.0 221027 2011-04-25 20:54:12Z jilles $
+
+: `false` &
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg10.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg10.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..33256dc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg10.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/bg10.0 258535 2013-11-24 23:12:13Z jilles $
+# The redirection overrides the </dev/null implicit in a background command.
+
+echo yes | ${SH} -c '{ cat & wait; } <&0'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg10.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg10.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7cfab5b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg10.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+yes
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0eed2904
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/bg2.0 221027 2011-04-25 20:54:12Z jilles $
+
+f() { return 42; }
+f
+: | : &
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dd8a984d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/bg3.0 221027 2011-04-25 20:54:12Z jilles $
+
+f() { return 42; }
+f
+(:) &
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf1b49bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/bg4.0 223283 2011-06-19 00:00:36Z jilles $
+
+x=''
+: ${x:=1} &
+wait
+exit ${x:-0}
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8139e670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/bg5.0 258489 2013-11-22 21:50:13Z jilles $
+# A background command has an implicit </dev/null redirection.
+
+echo bad | ${SH} -c '{ cat & wait; }'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f392be47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/bg6.0 258489 2013-11-22 21:50:13Z jilles $
+# The redirection overrides the </dev/null implicit in a background command.
+
+echo yes | ${SH} -c '{ cat & wait; } </dev/stdin'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg6.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg6.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7cfab5b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg6.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+yes
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06b67e91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/bg7.0 258533 2013-11-24 22:45:49Z jilles $
+# The redirection does not apply to the background command, and therefore
+# does not override the implicit </dev/null.
+
+echo bad | ${SH} -c '</dev/null; { cat & wait; }'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e72d7ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/bg8.0 258533 2013-11-24 22:45:49Z jilles $
+# The redirection does not apply to the background command, and therefore
+# does not override the implicit </dev/null.
+
+echo bad | ${SH} -c 'command eval \) </dev/null 2>/dev/null; { cat & wait; }'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a759af7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/bg9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/bg9.0 258533 2013-11-24 22:45:49Z jilles $
+# The redirection does not apply to the background command, and therefore
+# does not override the implicit </dev/null.
+
+echo bad | ${SH} -c 'command eval eval \\\) \</dev/null 2>/dev/null; { cat & wait; }'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/fork1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/fork1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4713d059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/fork1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/fork1.0 218850 2011-02-19 13:22:18Z jilles $
+
+shname=${SH%% *}
+shname=${shname##*/}
+
+result=$(${SH} -c 'ps -p $$ -o comm=')
+test "$result" = "ps" || exit 1
+
+result=$(${SH} -c 'ps -p $$ -o comm=; :')
+test "$result" = "$shname" || exit 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/fork2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/fork2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9cd64b61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/fork2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/fork2.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+
+result=$(${SH} -c '(/bin/sleep 1)& sleep 0.1; ps -p $! -o comm=; kill $!')
+test "$result" = sleep || exit 1
+
+result=$(${SH} -c '{ trap "echo trapped" EXIT; (/usr/bin/true); } & wait')
+test "$result" = trapped || exit 1
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/fork3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/fork3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ed8cc5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/fork3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/fork3.0 220978 2011-04-23 22:28:56Z jilles $
+
+result=$(${SH} -c 'f() { ps -p $$ -o comm=; }; f')
+test "$result" = "ps"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/func1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/func1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..990507f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/func1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/func1.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+
+MALLOC_OPTIONS=J ${SH} -c 'g() { g() { :; }; :; }; g' &&
+MALLOC_OPTIONS=J ${SH} -c 'g() { unset -f g; :; }; g'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/func2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/func2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f00a30c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/func2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/func2.0 211399 2010-08-16 17:18:08Z jilles $
+# The empty pairs of braces here are to test that this does not cause a crash.
+
+f() { }
+f
+hash -v f >/dev/null
+f() { { }; }
+f
+hash -v f >/dev/null
+f() { { } }
+f
+hash -v f >/dev/null
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/func3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/func3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ccb962e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/func3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/func3.0 216398 2010-12-12 21:18:16Z jilles $
+
+# This may fail when parsing or when defining the function, or the definition
+# may silently do nothing. In no event may the function be executed.
+
+${SH} -c 'unset() { echo overriding function executed, bad; }; v=1; unset v; exit "${v-0}"' 2>/dev/null
+:
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/hash1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/hash1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc4b41dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/hash1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/hash1.0 218323 2011-02-05 14:01:46Z jilles $
+
+T=`mktemp -d "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXXXX"` || exit
+trap 'rm -rf "${T}"' 0
+PATH=$T:$PATH
+ls -ld . >/dev/null
+cat <<EOF >"$T/ls"
+:
+EOF
+chmod 755 "$T/ls"
+PATH=$PATH
+ls -ld .
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/int-cmd1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/int-cmd1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..517f2291
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/int-cmd1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/int-cmd1.0 253271 2013-07-12 15:29:41Z jilles $
+
+! echo echo bad | $SH -ic 'fi' 2>/dev/null
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/killed1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/killed1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..25bc74a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/killed1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/killed1.0 217557 2011-01-18 21:18:31Z jilles $
+# Sometimes the "Killed" message is not flushed soon enough and it
+# is redirected along with the output of a builtin.
+# Do not change the semicolon to a newline as it would hide the bug.
+
+exec 3>&1
+exec >/dev/null 2>&1
+${SH} -c 'kill -9 $$'; : >&3 2>&3
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/killed2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/killed2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9a67876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/killed2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/killed2.0 218105 2011-01-30 22:57:52Z jilles $
+# Most shells print a message when a foreground job is killed by a signal.
+# POSIX allows this, provided the message is sent to stderr, not stdout.
+# Some trickery is needed to capture the message as redirecting stderr of
+# the command itself does not affect it. The colon command ensures that
+# the subshell forks for ${SH}.
+
+exec 3>&1
+r=`(${SH} -c 'kill $$'; :) 2>&1 >&3`
+[ -n "$r" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/not1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/not1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b726f17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/not1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/not1.0 249407 2013-04-12 15:19:35Z jilles $
+
+f() { ! return $1; }
+f 0 && ! f 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/not2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/not2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..57df141a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/not2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/not2.0 249407 2013-04-12 15:19:35Z jilles $
+
+while :; do
+	! break
+	exit 3
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/path1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/path1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49540e0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/path1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/path1.0 217206 2011-01-09 21:07:30Z jilles $
+# Some builtins should not be overridable via PATH.
+
+set -e
+T=$(mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX)
+trap 'rm -rf ${T}' 0
+echo '#!/bin/sh
+echo bad' >"$T/cd"
+chmod 755 "$T/cd"
+cd /bin
+oPATH=$PATH
+PATH=$T:$PATH:%builtin
+cd /
+PATH=$oPATH
+[ "$(pwd)" = / ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..37e20df3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/redir1.0 211408 2010-08-16 22:23:19Z jilles $
+trap ': $((brokenpipe+=1))' PIPE
+
+P=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}
+cd $P
+T=$(mktemp -d sh-test.XXXXXX)
+cd $T
+
+brokenpipe=0
+mkfifo fifo1 fifo2
+read dummy >fifo2 <fifo1 &
+{
+	exec 4>fifo2
+} 3<fifo2 # Formerly, sh would keep fd 3 and a duplicate of it open.
+echo dummy >fifo1
+if [ $brokenpipe -ne 0 ]; then
+	rc=3
+fi
+wait
+echo dummy >&4 2>/dev/null
+if [ $brokenpipe -eq 1 ]; then
+	: ${rc:=0}
+fi
+
+rm fifo1 fifo2
+rmdir ${P}/${T}
+exit ${rc:-3}
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af30fb09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/redir2.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+trap ': $((brokenpipe+=1))' PIPE
+
+P=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}
+cd $P
+T=$(mktemp -d sh-test.XXXXXX)
+cd $T
+
+brokenpipe=0
+mkfifo fifo1 fifo2
+{
+	{
+		exec ${SH} -c 'exec <fifo1; read dummy'
+	} 7<&- # fifo2 should be kept open, but not passed to programs
+	true
+} 7<fifo2 &
+
+exec 4>fifo2
+exec 3>fifo1
+echo dummy >&4 2>/dev/null
+if [ $brokenpipe -eq 1 ]; then
+	: ${rc:=0}
+fi
+echo dummy >&3
+wait
+
+rm fifo1 fifo2
+rmdir ${P}/${T}
+exit ${rc:-3}
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d85369af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/redir3.0 214289 2010-10-24 19:56:34Z jilles $
+
+3>&- 3>&-
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a41a577
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/redir4.0 214290 2010-10-24 20:09:49Z jilles $
+
+{ echo bad 0>&3; } 2>/dev/null 3>/dev/null 3>&-
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6f316a0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/redir5.0 218325 2011-02-05 15:02:19Z jilles $
+
+{ (echo bad) >/dev/null; } </dev/null
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d460373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/redir6.0 220978 2011-04-23 22:28:56Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if [ "$2" != "$3" ]; then
+		echo "Failure at $1" >&2
+		failures=$((failures + 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+check $LINENO "$(trap "echo bye" EXIT; : >/dev/null)" bye
+check $LINENO "$(trap "echo bye" EXIT; { :; } >/dev/null)" bye
+check $LINENO "$(trap "echo bye" EXIT; (:) >/dev/null)" bye
+check $LINENO "$(trap "echo bye" EXIT; (: >/dev/null))" bye
+check $LINENO "$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bye" EXIT; : >/dev/null')" bye
+check $LINENO "$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bye" EXIT; { :; } >/dev/null')" bye
+check $LINENO "$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bye" EXIT; (:) >/dev/null')" bye
+check $LINENO "$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bye" EXIT; (: >/dev/null)')" bye
+
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f6671cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/redir7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/redir7.0 220978 2011-04-23 22:28:56Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if [ "$2" != "$3" ]; then
+		echo "Failure at $1" >&2
+		failures=$((failures + 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+check $LINENO "$(trap "echo bye" EXIT; f() { :; }; f >/dev/null)" bye
+check $LINENO "$(trap "echo bye" EXIT; f() { :; }; { f; } >/dev/null)" bye
+check $LINENO "$(trap "echo bye" EXIT; f() { :; }; (f) >/dev/null)" bye
+check $LINENO "$(trap "echo bye" EXIT; f() { :; }; (f >/dev/null))" bye
+check $LINENO "$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bye" EXIT; f() { :; }; f >/dev/null')" bye
+check $LINENO "$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bye" EXIT; f() { :; }; { f; } >/dev/null')" bye
+check $LINENO "$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bye" EXIT; f() { :; }; (f) >/dev/null')" bye
+check $LINENO "$(${SH} -c 'trap "echo bye" EXIT; f() { :; }; (f >/dev/null)')" bye
+
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-C1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-C1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3aa64f17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-C1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/set-C1.0 308229 2016-11-02 22:33:37Z jilles $
+
+T=$(mktemp -d "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXXXX") || exit
+trap 'rm -rf "$T"' 0
+
+set -C
+echo . >"$T/a" &&
+[ -s "$T/a" ] &&
+{ ! true >"$T/a"; } 2>/dev/null &&
+[ -s "$T/a" ] &&
+ln -s /dev/null "$T/b" &&
+true >"$T/b"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-n1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-n1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1ee4c50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-n1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/set-n1.0 222661 2011-06-03 21:17:42Z jilles $
+
+v=$( ($SH -n <<'EOF'
+for
+EOF
+) 2>&1 >/dev/null)
+[ $? -ne 0 ] && [ -n "$v" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-n2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-n2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..80514cc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-n2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/set-n2.0 222661 2011-06-03 21:17:42Z jilles $
+
+$SH -n <<'EOF'
+echo bad
+EOF
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-n3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-n3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db9f164c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-n3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/set-n3.0 222661 2011-06-03 21:17:42Z jilles $
+
+v=$( ($SH -nc 'for') 2>&1 >/dev/null)
+[ $? -ne 0 ] && [ -n "$v" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-n4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-n4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..df562c0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-n4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/set-n4.0 222676 2011-06-04 11:28:42Z jilles $
+
+$SH -nc 'echo bad'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-x1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-x1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..65bb127c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-x1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/set-x1.0 222882 2011-06-08 21:58:19Z jilles $
+
+key='must_contain_this'
+{ r=`set -x; { : "$key"; } 2>&1 >/dev/null`; } 2>/dev/null
+case $r in
+*"$key"*) true ;;
+*) false ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-x2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-x2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e2b939f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-x2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/set-x2.0 222882 2011-06-08 21:58:19Z jilles $
+
+key='must contain this'
+PS4="$key+ "
+{ r=`set -x; { :; } 2>&1 >/dev/null`; } 2>/dev/null
+case $r in
+*"$key"*) true ;;
+*) false ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-x3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-x3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f10095db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-x3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/set-x3.0 222907 2011-06-09 23:12:23Z jilles $
+
+key='must contain this'
+PS4='$key+ '
+{ r=`set -x; { :; } 2>&1 >/dev/null`; } 2>/dev/null
+case $r in
+*"$key"*) true ;;
+*) false ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-x4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-x4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..98cb1e1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/set-x4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/set-x4.0 275766 2014-12-14 16:26:19Z jilles $
+
+key=`printf '\r\t\001\200\300'`
+r=`{ set -x; : "$key"; } 2>&1 >/dev/null`
+case $r in
+*[![:print:]]*) echo fail; exit 3
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/shellproc1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/shellproc1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4168fb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/shellproc1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/shellproc1.0 218205 2011-02-02 22:03:18Z jilles $
+
+T=`mktemp -d "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXXXX"` || exit
+trap 'rm -rf "${T}"' 0
+cat <<EOF >"$T/testshellproc"
+printf 'this '
+echo is a test
+EOF
+chmod 755 "$T/testshellproc"
+PATH=$T:$PATH
+[ "`testshellproc`" = "this is a test" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b3e93283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/subshell1.0 245383 2013-01-13 19:39:13Z jilles $
+
+(eval "cd /
+v=$(printf %0100000d 1)
+echo \${#v}")
+echo end
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell1.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell1.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8c71af3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell1.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+100000
+end
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c20971d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/subshell2.0 245383 2013-01-13 19:39:13Z jilles $
+
+f() {
+	x=2
+}
+(
+	x=1
+	f
+	[ "$x" = 2 ]
+)
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..31ba849f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/subshell3.0 245383 2013-01-13 19:39:13Z jilles $
+
+(false; exit) && exit 3
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..488d6be7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/subshell4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/subshell4.0 245383 2013-01-13 19:39:13Z jilles $
+
+(eval "set v=1"; false) && echo bad; :
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/unknown1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/unknown1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99d8c679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/unknown1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/unknown1.0 197820 2009-10-06 22:00:14Z jilles $
+
+nosuchtool 2>/dev/null
+[ $? -ne 127 ] && exit 1
+/var/empty/nosuchtool 2>/dev/null
+[ $? -ne 127 ] && exit 1
+(nosuchtool) 2>/dev/null
+[ $? -ne 127 ] && exit 1
+(/var/empty/nosuchtool) 2>/dev/null
+[ $? -ne 127 ] && exit 1
+/ 2>/dev/null
+[ $? -ne 126 ] && exit 1
+PATH=/usr bin 2>/dev/null
+[ $? -ne 126 ] && exit 1
+
+dummy=$(nosuchtool 2>/dev/null)
+[ $? -ne 127 ] && exit 1
+dummy=$(/var/empty/nosuchtool 2>/dev/null)
+[ $? -ne 127 ] && exit 1
+dummy=$( (nosuchtool) 2>/dev/null)
+[ $? -ne 127 ] && exit 1
+dummy=$( (/var/empty/nosuchtool) 2>/dev/null)
+[ $? -ne 127 ] && exit 1
+dummy=$(/ 2>/dev/null)
+[ $? -ne 126 ] && exit 1
+dummy=$(PATH=/usr bin 2>/dev/null)
+[ $? -ne 126 ] && exit 1
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/execution/var-assign1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/execution/var-assign1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1108a071
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/execution/var-assign1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/execution/var-assign1.0 212467 2010-09-11 14:15:50Z jilles $
+
+[ "$(HOME=/etc HOME=/ cd && pwd)" = / ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/Makefile b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08dc6e71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/Makefile 333927 2018-05-20 17:25:52Z jilles $
+
+PACKAGE=	tests
+
+TESTSDIR=	${TESTSBASE}/bin/sh/${.CURDIR:T}
+
+.PATH: ${.CURDIR:H}
+ATF_TESTS_SH=	functional_test
+
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	arith1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	arith2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	arith3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	arith4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	arith5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	arith6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	arith7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	arith8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	arith9.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	arith10.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	arith11.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	arith12.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	arith13.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	arith14.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	assign1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst9.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst10.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst11.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst12.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst13.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst14.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst15.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst16.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst17.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst18.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst19.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst20.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst21.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst22.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst23.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst24.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst25.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmdsubst26.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	export1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	export2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	export3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	ifs1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	ifs2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	ifs3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	ifs4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	ifs5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	ifs6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	ifs7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	length1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	length2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	length3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	length4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	length5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	length6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	length7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	length8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	local1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	local2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	pathname1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	pathname2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	pathname3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	pathname4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	pathname5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	pathname6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	plus-minus1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	plus-minus2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	plus-minus3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	plus-minus4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	plus-minus5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	plus-minus6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	plus-minus7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	plus-minus8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	plus-minus9.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	question1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	readonly1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	redir1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	set-u1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	set-u2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	set-u3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	tilde1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	tilde2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	trim1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	trim2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	trim3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	trim4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	trim5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	trim6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	trim7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	trim8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	trim9.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	trim10.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	trim11.0
+
+.include <bsd.test.mk>
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d296de1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/arith1.0 201259 2009-12-30 15:59:40Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if [ $(($1)) != $2 ]; then
+		failures=$((failures+1))
+		echo "For $1, expected $2 actual $(($1))"
+	fi
+}
+
+check "0&&0" 0
+check "1&&0" 0
+check "0&&1" 0
+check "1&&1" 1
+check "2&&2" 1
+check "1&&2" 1
+check "1<<40&&1<<40" 1
+check "1<<40&&4" 1
+
+check "0||0" 0
+check "1||0" 1
+check "0||1" 1
+check "1||1" 1
+check "2||2" 1
+check "1||2" 1
+check "1<<40||1<<40" 1
+check "1<<40||4" 1
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith10.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith10.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21715068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith10.0
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/arith10.0 218469 2011-02-08 23:23:55Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if [ $(($1)) != $2 ]; then
+		failures=$((failures+1))
+		echo "For $1, expected $2 actual $(($1))"
+	fi
+}
+
+readonly ro=4
+rw=1
+check "0 && 0 / 0" 0
+check "1 || 0 / 0" 1
+check "0 && (ro = 2)" 0
+check "ro" 4
+check "1 || (ro = -1)" 1
+check "ro" 4
+check "0 && (rw += 1)" 0
+check "rw" 1
+check "1 || (rw += 1)" 1
+check "rw" 1
+check "0 ? 44 / 0 : 51" 51
+check "0 ? ro = 3 : 52" 52
+check "ro" 4
+check "0 ? rw += 1 : 52" 52
+check "rw" 1
+check "1 ? 68 : 30 / 0" 68
+check "2 ? 1 : (ro += 2)" 1
+check "ro" 4
+check "4 ? 1 : (rw += 1)" 1
+check "rw" 1
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith11.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith11.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc3f07a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith11.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/arith11.0 218626 2011-02-12 23:44:05Z jilles $
+# Try to divide the smallest integer by -1.
+# On amd64 this causes SIGFPE, so make sure the shell checks.
+
+# Calculate the minimum possible value, assuming two's complement and
+# a certain interpretation of overflow when shifting left.
+minint=1
+while [ $((minint <<= 1)) -gt 0 ]; do
+	:
+done
+v=$( eval ': $((minint / -1))' 2>&1 >/dev/null)
+[ $? -ne 0 ] && [ -n "$v" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith12.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith12.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..23eca2dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith12.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/arith12.0 232839 2012-03-11 22:12:05Z jilles $
+
+_x=4 y_=5 z_z=6
+[ "$((_x*100+y_*10+z_z))" = 456 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith13.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith13.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..834d95ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith13.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/arith13.0 254806 2013-08-24 20:06:00Z jilles $
+# Pre-increment and pre-decrement in arithmetic expansion are not in POSIX.
+# Require either an error or a correct implementation.
+
+! (eval 'x=4; [ $((++x)) != 5 ] || [ $x != 5 ]') 2>/dev/null &&
+! (eval 'x=2; [ $((--x)) != 1 ] || [ $x != 1 ]') 2>/dev/null
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith14.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith14.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5fa2dece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith14.0
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/arith14.0 270029 2014-08-15 22:36:41Z jilles $
+# Check that <</>> use the low bits of the shift count.
+
+if [ $((1<<16<<16)) = 0 ]; then
+	width=32
+elif [ $((1<<32<<32)) = 0 ]; then
+	width=64
+elif [ $((1<<64<<64)) = 0 ]; then
+	width=128
+elif [ $((1<<64>>64)) = 1 ]; then
+	# Integers are wider than 128 bits; assume arbitrary precision.
+	# Nothing to test here.
+	exit 0
+else
+	echo "Cannot determine integer width"
+	exit 2
+fi
+
+twowidth=$((width * 2))
+j=43 k=$((1 << (width - 2))) r=0
+
+i=0
+while [ $i -lt $twowidth ]; do
+	if [ "$((j << i))" != "$((j << (i + width)))" ]; then
+		echo "Problem with $j << $i"
+		r=2
+	fi
+	i=$((i + 1))
+done
+
+i=0
+while [ $i -lt $twowidth ]; do
+	if [ "$((k >> i))" != "$((k >> (i + width)))" ]; then
+		echo "Problem with $k >> $i"
+		r=2
+	fi
+	i=$((i + 1))
+done
+
+exit $r
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d5ddbd0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/arith2.0 209652 2010-07-02 21:31:24Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if [ $(($1)) != $2 ]; then
+		failures=$((failures+1))
+		echo "For $1, expected $2 actual $(($1))"
+	fi
+}
+
+# variables
+unset v
+check "v=2" 2
+check "v" 2
+check "$(($v))" 2
+check "v+=1" 3
+check "v" 3
+
+# constants
+check "4611686018427387904" 4611686018427387904
+check "0x4000000000000000" 4611686018427387904
+check "0400000000000000000000" 4611686018427387904
+check "0x4Ab0000000000000" 5381801554707742720
+check "010" 8
+
+# try out all operators
+v=42
+check "!v" 0
+check "!!v" 1
+check "!0" 1
+check "~0" -1
+check "~(-1)" 0
+check "-0" 0
+check "-v" -42
+check "v*v" 1764
+check "v/2" 21
+check "v%10" 2
+check "v+v" 84
+check "v-4" 38
+check "v<<1" 84
+check "v>>1" 21
+check "v<43" 1
+check "v>42" 0
+check "v<=43" 1
+check "v>=43" 0
+check "v==41" 0
+check "v!=42" 0
+check "v&3" 2
+check "v^3" 41
+check "v|3" 43
+check "v>=40&&v<=44" 1
+check "v<40||v>44" 0
+check "(v=42)&&(v+=1)==43" 1
+check "v" 43
+check "(v=42)&&(v-=1)==41" 1
+check "v" 41
+check "(v=42)&&(v*=2)==84" 1
+check "v" 84
+check "(v=42)&&(v/=10)==4" 1
+check "v" 4
+check "(v=42)&&(v%=10)==2" 1
+check "v" 2
+check "(v=42)&&(v<<=1)==84" 1
+check "v" 84
+check "(v=42)&&(v>>=2)==10" 1
+check "v" 10
+check "(v=42)&&(v&=32)==32" 1
+check "v" 32
+check "(v=42)&&(v^=32)==10" 1
+check "v" 10
+check "(v=42)&&(v|=32)==42" 1
+check "v" 42
+
+# missing: ternary
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..43d5bf06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/arith3.0 204017 2010-02-17 22:25:22Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if [ $(($1)) != $2 ]; then
+		failures=$((failures+1))
+		echo "For $1, expected $2 actual $(($1))"
+	fi
+}
+
+check "1 << 1 + 1 | 1" 5
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4188640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/arith4.0 206167 2010-04-04 16:29:48Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if [ $(($1)) != $2 ]; then
+		failures=$((failures+1))
+		echo "For $1, expected $2 actual $(($1))"
+	fi
+}
+
+check '20 / 2 / 2' 5
+check '20 - 2 - 2' 16
+unset a b c d
+check "a = b = c = d = 1" 1
+check "a == 1 && b == 1 && c == 1 && d == 1" 1
+check "a += b += c += d" 4
+check "a == 4 && b == 3 && c == 2 && d == 1" 1
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ec65a0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/arith5.0 206168 2010-04-04 16:48:33Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if [ "$2" != "$3" ]; then
+		failures=$((failures+1))
+		echo "For $1, expected $3 actual $2"
+	fi
+}
+
+unset a
+check '$((1+${a:-$((7+2))}))' "$((1+${a:-$((7+2))}))" 10
+check '$((1+${a:=$((2+2))}))' "$((1+${a:=$((2+2))}))" 5
+check '$a' "$a" 4
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5cb1e8ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/arith6.0 215550 2010-11-19 22:25:32Z jilles $
+
+v1=1\ +\ 1
+v2=D
+v3=C123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+f() { v4="$*"; }
+
+while [ ${#v2} -lt 1250 ]; do
+	eval $v2=$((3+${#v2})) $v3=$((4-${#v2}))
+	eval f $(($v2+ $v1 +$v3))
+	if [ $v4 -ne 9 ]; then
+		echo bad: $v4 -ne 9 at ${#v2}
+	fi
+	v2=x$v2
+	v3=y$v3
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8a4bec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/arith7.0 216395 2010-12-12 16:56:16Z jilles $
+
+v=1+
+v=$v$v$v$v
+v=$v$v$v$v
+v=$v$v$v$v
+v=$v$v$v$v
+v=$v$v$v$v
+[ "$(cat <<EOF
+$(($v 1))
+EOF
+)" = 1025 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..31a7306c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/arith8.0 216547 2010-12-18 23:03:51Z jilles $
+
+v=$( (eval ': $((08))') 2>&1 >/dev/null)
+[ $? -ne 0 ] && [ -n "$v" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3915a1a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/arith9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/arith9.0 218469 2011-02-08 23:23:55Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if [ $(($1)) != $2 ]; then
+		failures=$((failures+1))
+		echo "For $1, expected $2 actual $(($1))"
+	fi
+}
+
+check "0 ? 44 : 51" 51
+check "1 ? 68 : 30" 68
+check "2 ? 1 : -5" 1
+check "0 ? 4 : 0 ? 5 : 6" 6
+check "0 ? 4 : 1 ? 5 : 6" 5
+check "1 ? 4 : 0 ? 5 : 6" 4
+check "1 ? 4 : 1 ? 5 : 6" 4
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/assign1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/assign1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6b00d61c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/assign1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/assign1.0 204842 2010-03-07 18:43:29Z jilles $
+
+e= q='?' a='*' t=texttext s='ast*que?non' p='/et[c]/' w='a b c' b='{{(#)}}'
+h='##'
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+testcase 'v=; set -- ${v=a b} $v'		'0|'
+testcase 'unset v; set -- ${v=a b} $v'		'4|a|b|a|b'
+testcase 'v=; set -- ${v:=a b} $v'		'4|a|b|a|b'
+testcase 'v=; set -- "${v:=a b}" "$v"'		'2|a b|a b'
+# expect sensible behaviour, although it disagrees with POSIX
+testcase 'v=; set -- ${v:=a\ b} $v'		'4|a|b|a|b'
+testcase 'v=; set -- ${v:=$p} $v'		'2|/etc/|/etc/'
+testcase 'v=; set -- "${v:=$p}" "$v"'		'2|/et[c]/|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'v=; set -- "${v:=a\ b}" "$v"'		'2|a\ b|a\ b'
+testcase 'v=; set -- ${v:="$p"} $v'		'2|/etc/|/etc/'
+# whether $p is quoted or not shouldn't really matter
+testcase 'v=; set -- "${v:="$p"}" "$v"'		'2|/et[c]/|/et[c]/'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83644988
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst1.0 201366 2010-01-01 18:17:46Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+check '"$(echo abcde)" = "abcde"'
+check '"$(echo abcde; :)" = "abcde"'
+
+check '"$(printf abcde)" = "abcde"'
+check '"$(printf abcde; :)" = "abcde"'
+
+# regular
+check '-n "$(umask)"'
+check '-n "$(umask; :)"'
+check '-n "$(umask 2>&1)"'
+check '-n "$(umask 2>&1; :)"'
+
+# special
+check '-n "$(times)"'
+check '-n "$(times; :)"'
+check '-n "$(times 2>&1)"'
+check '-n "$(times 2>&1; :)"'
+
+# regular
+check '".$(umask -@ 2>&1)." = ".umask: Illegal option -@."'
+check '".$(umask -@ 2>&1; :)." = ".umask: Illegal option -@."'
+check '".$({ umask -@; } 2>&1)." = ".umask: Illegal option -@."'
+
+# special
+check '".$(shift xyz 2>&1)." = ".shift: Illegal number: xyz."'
+check '".$(shift xyz 2>&1; :)." = ".shift: Illegal number: xyz."'
+check '".$({ shift xyz; } 2>&1)." = ".shift: Illegal number: xyz."'
+
+v=1
+check '-z "$(v=2 :)"'
+check '"$v" = 1'
+check '-z "$(v=3)"'
+check '"$v" = 1'
+check '"$(v=4 eval echo \$v)" = 4'
+check '"$v" = 1'
+
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst10.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst10.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e3b2fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst10.0
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst10.0 216826 2010-12-30 22:33:55Z jilles $
+
+a1=$(alias)
+: $(alias testalias=abcd)
+a2=$(alias)
+[ "$a1" = "$a2" ] || echo Error at line $LINENO
+
+alias testalias2=abcd
+a1=$(alias)
+: $(unalias testalias2)
+a2=$(alias)
+[ "$a1" = "$a2" ] || echo Error at line $LINENO
+
+[ "$(command -V pwd)" = "$(command -V pwd; exit $?)" ] || echo Error at line $LINENO
+
+v=1
+: $(export v=2)
+[ "$v" = 1 ] || echo Error at line $LINENO
+
+rotest=1
+: $(readonly rotest=2)
+[ "$rotest" = 1 ] || echo Error at line $LINENO
+
+set +u
+: $(set -u)
+case $- in
+*u*) echo Error at line $LINENO ;;
+esac
+set +u
+
+set +u
+: $(set -o nounset)
+case $- in
+*u*) echo Error at line $LINENO ;;
+esac
+set +u
+
+set +u
+: $(command set -u)
+case $- in
+*u*) echo Error at line $LINENO ;;
+esac
+set +u
+
+umask 77
+u1=$(umask)
+: $(umask 022)
+u2=$(umask)
+[ "$u1" = "$u2" ] || echo Error at line $LINENO
+
+dummy=$(exit 3); [ $? -eq 3 ] || echo Error at line $LINENO
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst11.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst11.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..36e26d4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst11.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst11.0 223163 2011-06-16 21:50:28Z jilles $
+
+# Not required by POSIX but useful for efficiency.
+
+[ $$ = $(eval '${SH} -c echo\ \$PPID') ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst12.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst12.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e5ad0b09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst12.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst12.0 230121 2012-01-14 23:10:18Z jilles $
+
+f() {
+	echo x$(printf foo >&2)y
+}
+[ "$(f 2>&1)" = "fooxy" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst13.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst13.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82ebb9a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst13.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst13.0 230121 2012-01-14 23:10:18Z jilles $
+
+x=1 y=2
+[ "$(
+	case $((x+=1)) in
+	($((y+=1)))	echo bad1 ;;
+	($((y-1)))	echo $x.$y ;;
+	($((y=2)))	echo bad2 ;;
+	(*)		echo bad3 ;;
+	esac
+)" = "2.3" ] || echo "Error at $LINENO"
+[ "$x.$y" = "1.2" ] || echo "Error at $LINENO"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst14.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst14.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ee48ef3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst14.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst14.0 245381 2013-01-13 19:19:40Z jilles $
+
+! v=`false
+
+`
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst15.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst15.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7e180d47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst15.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst15.0 245381 2013-01-13 19:19:40Z jilles $
+
+! v=`false;
+
+`
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst16.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst16.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d807c05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst16.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst16.0 245392 2013-01-13 22:35:51Z jilles $
+
+f() { return 3; }
+f
+[ `echo $?` = 3 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst17.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst17.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6b8b5bb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst17.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst17.0 245422 2013-01-14 12:20:55Z jilles $
+
+f() { return 3; }
+f
+[ `echo $?; :` = 3 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst18.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst18.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b108896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst18.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst18.0 314637 2017-03-03 22:46:20Z jilles $
+
+x=X
+unset n
+r=${x+$(echo a)}${x-$(echo b)}${n+$(echo c)}${n-$(echo d)}$(echo e)
+[ "$r" = aXde ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst19.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst19.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b68509ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst19.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst19.0 314637 2017-03-03 22:46:20Z jilles $
+
+b=200 c=30 d=5 x=4
+r=$(echo a)$(($(echo b) + ${x+$(echo c)} + ${x-$(echo d)}))$(echo e)
+[ "$r" = a234e ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f3bbcfbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst2.0 205105 2010-03-12 23:23:46Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+check '`echo /et[c]/` = "/etc/"'
+check '`printf /var/empty%s /et[c]/` = "/var/empty/etc/"'
+check '"`echo /et[c]/`" = "/etc/"'
+check '`echo "/et[c]/"` = "/etc/"'
+check '`printf /var/empty%s "/et[c]/"` = "/var/empty/et[c]/"'
+check '`printf /var/empty/%s \"/et[c]/\"` = "/var/empty/\"/et[c]/\""'
+check '"`echo \"/et[c]/\"`" = "/et[c]/"'
+check '"`echo "/et[c]/"`" = "/et[c]/"'
+check '`echo $$` = $$'
+check '"`echo $$`" = $$'
+check '`echo \$\$` = $$'
+check '"`echo \$\$`" = $$'
+
+# Command substitutions consisting of a single builtin may be treated
+# differently.
+check '`:; echo /et[c]/` = "/etc/"'
+check '`:; printf /var/empty%s /et[c]/` = "/var/empty/etc/"'
+check '"`:; echo /et[c]/`" = "/etc/"'
+check '`:; echo "/et[c]/"` = "/etc/"'
+check '`:; printf /var/empty%s "/et[c]/"` = "/var/empty/et[c]/"'
+check '`:; printf /var/empty/%s \"/et[c]/\"` = "/var/empty/\"/et[c]/\""'
+check '"`:; echo \"/et[c]/\"`" = "/et[c]/"'
+check '"`:; echo "/et[c]/"`" = "/et[c]/"'
+check '`:; echo $$` = $$'
+check '"`:; echo $$`" = $$'
+check '`:; echo \$\$` = $$'
+check '"`:; echo \$\$`" = $$'
+
+check '`set -f; echo /et[c]/` = "/etc/"'
+check '"`set -f; echo /et[c]/`" = "/et[c]/"'
+
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst20.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst20.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08aff108
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst20.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst20.0 314637 2017-03-03 22:46:20Z jilles $
+
+set -T
+trapped=''
+trap "trapped=x$trapped" USR1
+[ "x$(kill -USR1 $$)y" = xy ] && [ "$trapped" = x ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst21.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst21.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d34f9352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst21.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst21.0 314686 2017-03-04 22:58:34Z jilles $
+
+set -T
+trapped=''
+trap "trapped=x$trapped" TERM
+[ "x$($SH -c "kill $$")y" = xy ] && [ "$trapped" = x ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst22.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst22.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cafc428d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst22.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst22.0 314686 2017-03-04 22:58:34Z jilles $
+
+set -T
+trapped=''
+trap "trapped=x$trapped" TERM
+[ "x$(:; kill $$)y" = xy ] && [ "$trapped" = x ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst23.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst23.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9ffb2eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst23.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst23.0 315005 2017-03-10 16:04:00Z jilles $
+
+unset n
+x=abcd
+[ "X${n#$(echo a)}X${x#$(echo ab)}X$(echo abc)X" = XXcdXabcX ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst24.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst24.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e13a673f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst24.0
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst24.0 317347 2017-04-23 21:58:17Z jilles $
+# POSIX leaves the effect of NUL bytes in command substitution output
+# unspecified but we have always discarded them.
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if [ "$2" != "$3" ]; then
+		printf "Failed at line %s: got \"%s\" expected \"%s\"\n" "$1" "$2" "$3"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+fmt='\0a\0 \0b\0c d\0'
+assign_builtin=$(printf "$fmt")
+check "$LINENO" "$assign_builtin" "a bc d"
+assign_pipeline=$(printf "$fmt" | cat)
+check "$LINENO" "$assign_pipeline" "a bc d"
+set -- $(printf "$fmt") $(printf "$fmt" | cat) "$(printf "$fmt")" "$(printf "$fmt" | cat)" 
+IFS=@
+splits="$*"
+check "$LINENO" "$splits" "a@bc@d@a@bc@d@a bc d@a bc d"
+
+[ "$failures" = 0 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst25.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst25.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d08a6a73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst25.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst25.0 317514 2017-04-27 18:52:18Z jilles $
+
+IFS=' '
+set -- `printf '\n '`
+IFS=:
+[ "$*" = '
+' ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst26.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst26.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..170ab903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst26.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst26.0 317514 2017-04-27 18:52:18Z jilles $
+
+nl='
+'
+v=$nl`printf '\n'`
+[ "$v" = "$nl" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8a5d3c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst3.0 218819 2011-02-18 20:37:09Z jilles $
+
+unset LC_ALL
+export LC_CTYPE=en_US.ISO8859-1
+
+e=
+for i in 0 1 2 3; do
+	for j in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
+		for k in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
+			case $i$j$k in
+			000) continue ;;
+			esac
+			e="$e\n\\$i$j$k"
+		done
+	done
+done
+e1=$(printf "$e")
+e2="$(printf "$e")"
+[ "${#e1}" = 510 ] || echo length bad
+[ "$e1" = "$e2" ] || echo e1 != e2
+[ "$e1" = "$(printf "$e")" ] || echo quoted bad
+IFS=
+[ "$e1" = $(printf "$e") ] || echo unquoted bad
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1bb8f75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst4.0 216747 2010-12-27 23:56:03Z jilles $
+
+exec 2>/dev/null
+! y=$(: </var/empty/nonexistent)
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76b480fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst5.0 216761 2010-12-28 13:28:24Z jilles $
+
+unset v
+exec 2>/dev/null
+! y=$(: ${v?})
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f7fd85fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst6.0 216763 2010-12-28 14:58:08Z jilles $
+# This tests if the cmdsubst optimization is still used if possible.
+
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+
+	unset v
+	eval "pid=\$(dummy=$code echo \$(\$SH -c echo\ \\\$PPID))"
+
+	if [ "$pid" = "$$" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "Failure for $code"
+	fi
+}
+
+unset v
+w=1
+testcase '$w'
+testcase '1${w+1}'
+testcase '1${w-1}'
+testcase '1${v+1}'
+testcase '1${v-1}'
+testcase '1${w:+1}'
+testcase '1${w:-1}'
+testcase '1${v:+1}'
+testcase '1${v:-1}'
+testcase '${w?}'
+testcase '${w:?}'
+testcase '${w#x}'
+testcase '${w##x}'
+testcase '${w%x}'
+testcase '${w%%x}'
+
+testcase '$((w))'
+testcase '$(((w+4)*2/3))'
+testcase '$((w==1))'
+testcase '$((w>=0 && w<=5 && w!=2))'
+testcase '$((${#w}))'
+testcase '$((${#IFS}))'
+testcase '$((${#w}>=1))'
+testcase '$(($$))'
+testcase '$(($#))'
+testcase '$(($?))'
+
+testcase '$(: $((w=4)))'
+testcase '$(: ${v=2})'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ede904aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst7.0 216778 2010-12-28 21:27:08Z jilles $
+
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+
+	unset v
+	eval ": \$($code)"
+
+	if [ "${v:+bad}" = "" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "Failure for $code"
+	fi
+}
+
+testcase ': ${v=0}'
+testcase ': ${v:=0}'
+testcase ': $((v=1))'
+testcase ': $((v+=1))'
+w='v=1'
+testcase ': $(($w))'
+testcase ': $((${$+v=1}))'
+testcase ': $((v${$+=1}))'
+testcase ': $((v $(echo =) 1))'
+testcase ': $(($(echo $w)))'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4d3d533e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst8.0 216819 2010-12-30 15:04:59Z jilles $
+# Not required by POSIX (although referenced in a non-normative section),
+# but possibly useful.
+
+: hi there &
+p=$!
+q=$(jobs -l $p)
+
+# Change tabs to spaces.
+set -f
+set -- $q
+r="$*"
+
+case $r in
+*" $p "*) ;;
+*) echo Pid missing; exit 3 ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a9a5094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/cmdsubst9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/cmdsubst9.0 216819 2010-12-30 15:04:59Z jilles $
+
+set -e
+
+cd /
+dummy=$(cd /bin)
+[ "$(pwd)" = / ]
+
+v=1
+dummy=$(eval v=2)
+[ "$v" = 1 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/export1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/export1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..05474992
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/export1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/export1.0 238430 2012-07-13 22:29:02Z jilles $
+
+w='@ vv=6'
+
+v=0 vv=0
+export \v=$w
+[ "$v" = "@" ] || echo "Expected @ got $v"
+[ "$vv" = "6" ] || echo "Expected 6 got $vv"
+
+HOME=/known/value
+
+export \v=~
+[ "$v" = \~ ] || echo "Expected ~ got $v"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/export2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/export2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ed91e76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/export2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/export2.0 238468 2012-07-15 10:19:43Z jilles $
+
+w='@ @'
+check() {
+	[ "$v" = "$w" ] || echo "Expected $w got $v"
+}
+
+export v=$w
+check
+
+HOME=/known/value
+check() {
+	[ "$v" = ~ ] || echo "Expected $HOME got $v"
+}
+
+export v=~
+check
+
+check() {
+	[ "$v" = "x:$HOME" ] || echo "Expected x:$HOME got $v"
+}
+
+export v=x:~
+check
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/export3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/export3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..abe137a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/export3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/export3.0 238468 2012-07-15 10:19:43Z jilles $
+
+w='@ @'
+check() {
+	[ "$v" = "$w" ] || echo "Expected $w got $v"
+}
+
+command export v=$w
+check
+command command export v=$w
+check
+
+HOME=/known/value
+check() {
+	[ "$v" = ~ ] || echo "Expected $HOME got $v"
+}
+
+command export v=~
+check
+command command export v=~
+check
+
+check() {
+	[ "$v" = "x:$HOME" ] || echo "Expected x:$HOME got $v"
+}
+
+command export v=x:~
+check
+command command export v=x:~
+check
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/heredoc1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/heredoc1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb623e51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/heredoc1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/heredoc1.0 222715 2011-06-05 12:46:26Z jilles $
+
+f() { return $1; }
+
+[ `f 42; { cat; } <<EOF
+$?
+EOF
+` = 42 ] || echo compound command bad
+
+[ `f 42; (cat) <<EOF
+$?
+EOF
+` = 42 ] || echo subshell bad
+
+long=`printf %08192d 0`
+
+[ `f 42; { cat; } <<EOF
+$long.$?
+EOF
+` = $long.42 ] || echo long compound command bad
+
+[ `f 42; (cat) <<EOF
+$long.$?
+EOF
+` = $long.42 ] || echo long subshell bad
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/heredoc2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/heredoc2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e1a7e391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/heredoc2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/heredoc2.0 222716 2011-06-05 14:13:15Z jilles $
+
+f() { return $1; }
+
+[ `f 42; cat <<EOF
+$?
+EOF
+` = 42 ] || echo simple command bad
+
+long=`printf %08192d 0`
+
+[ `f 42; cat <<EOF
+$long.$?
+EOF
+` = $long.42 ] || echo long simple command bad
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc6d5100
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/ifs1.0 194981 2009-06-25 17:36:08Z jilles $
+
+c=: e= s=' '
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+check_result() {
+	if [ "x$2" = "x$3" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $1, expected $3 actual $2"
+	fi
+}
+
+IFS=' 	
+'
+set -- a ''
+set -- "$@"
+check_result 'set -- "$@"' "($#)($1)($2)" "(2)(a)()"
+
+set -- a ''
+set -- "$@"$e
+check_result 'set -- "$@"$e' "($#)($1)($2)" "(2)(a)()"
+
+set -- a ''
+set -- "$@"$s
+check_result 'set -- "$@"$s' "($#)($1)($2)" "(2)(a)()"
+
+IFS="$c"
+set -- a ''
+set -- "$@"$c
+check_result 'set -- "$@"$c' "($#)($1)($2)" "(2)(a)()"
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db6542a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/ifs2.0 211341 2010-08-15 17:14:05Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+i=1
+set -f
+while [ "$i" -le 127 ]; do
+	# A different byte still in the range 1..127.
+	i2=$((i^2+(i==2)))
+	# Add a character to work around command substitution's removal of
+	# final newlines, then remove it again.
+	c=$(printf \\"$(printf %o@ "$i")")
+	c=${c%@}
+	c2=$(printf \\"$(printf %o@ "$i2")")
+	c2=${c2%@}
+	IFS=$c
+	set -- $c2$c$c2$c$c2
+	if [ "$#" -ne 3 ] || [ "$1" != "$c2" ] || [ "$2" != "$c2" ] ||
+	    [ "$3" != "$c2" ]; then
+		echo "Bad results for separator $i (word $i2)" >&2
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+	i=$((i+1))
+done
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a26e7570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/ifs3.0 211622 2010-08-22 13:09:12Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+unset LC_ALL
+export LC_CTYPE=en_US.ISO8859-1
+i=128
+set -f
+while [ "$i" -le 255 ]; do
+	i2=$((i^2))
+	c=$(printf \\"$(printf %o "$i")")
+	c2=$(printf \\"$(printf %o "$i2")")
+	IFS=$c
+	set -- $c2$c$c2$c$c2
+	if [ "$#" -ne 3 ] || [ "$1" != "$c2" ] || [ "$2" != "$c2" ] ||
+	    [ "$3" != "$c2" ]; then
+		echo "Bad results for separator $i (word $i2)" >&2
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+	i=$((i+1))
+done
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e487d513
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/ifs4.0 222361 2011-05-27 15:56:13Z jilles $
+
+c=: e= s=' '
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+check_result() {
+	if [ "x$2" = "x$3" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $1, expected $3 actual $2"
+	fi
+}
+
+IFS=' 	
+'
+set -- a b '' c
+set -- $@
+check_result 'set -- $@' "($#)($1)($2)($3)($4)" "(3)(a)(b)(c)()"
+
+IFS=''
+set -- a b '' c
+set -- $@
+check_result 'set -- $@' "($#)($1)($2)($3)($4)" "(3)(a)(b)(c)()"
+
+set -- a b '' c
+set -- $*
+check_result 'set -- $*' "($#)($1)($2)($3)($4)" "(3)(a)(b)(c)()"
+
+set -- a b '' c
+set -- "$@"
+check_result 'set -- "$@"' "($#)($1)($2)($3)($4)" "(4)(a)(b)()(c)"
+
+set -- a b '' c
+set -- "$*"
+check_result 'set -- "$*"' "($#)($1)($2)($3)($4)" "(1)(abc)()()()"
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1a31bfb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/ifs5.0 278806 2015-02-15 19:48:29Z jilles $
+
+set -- $(echo a b c d)
+[ "$#" = 4 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fcf82810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/ifs6.0 280920 2015-03-31 20:59:37Z jilles $
+
+IFS=': '
+x=': :'
+set -- $x
+[ "$#|$1|$2|$3" = "2|||" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d04514c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/ifs7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/ifs7.0 280920 2015-03-31 20:59:37Z jilles $
+
+IFS=2
+set -- $((123))
+[ "$#|$1|$2|$3" = "2|1|3|" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70840955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/length1.0 219611 2011-03-13 16:20:38Z jilles $
+
+v=abcd
+[ "${#v}" = 4 ] || echo '${#v} wrong'
+v=$$
+[ "${#$}" = "${#v}" ] || echo '${#$} wrong'
+[ "${#!}" = 0 ] || echo '${#!} wrong'
+set -- 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0013
+[ "${#1}" = 2 ] || echo '${#1} wrong'
+[ "${#13}" = 4 ] || echo '${#13} wrong'
+v=$0
+[ "${#0}" = "${#v}" ] || echo '${#0} wrong'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c33fafc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/length2.0 219611 2011-03-13 16:20:38Z jilles $
+
+v=$-
+[ "${#-}" = "${#v}" ] || echo '${#-} wrong'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82f1d1ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/length3.0 219611 2011-03-13 16:20:38Z jilles $
+
+set -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
+[ "$#" = 13 ] || echo '$# wrong'
+[ "${#}" = 13 ] || echo '${#} wrong'
+[ "${##}" = 2 ] || echo '${##} wrong'
+set --
+[ "$#" = 0 ] || echo '$# wrong'
+[ "${#}" = 0 ] || echo '${#} wrong'
+[ "${##}" = 1 ] || echo '${##} wrong'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..32b004f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/length4.0 220655 2011-04-15 15:26:05Z jilles $
+
+# The construct ${#?} is ambiguous in POSIX.1-2008: it could be the length
+# of $? or it could be $# giving an error in the (impossible) case that it
+# is not set.
+# We use the former interpretation; it seems more useful.
+
+:
+[ "${#?}" = 1 ] || echo '${#?} wrong'
+(exit 42)
+[ "${#?}" = 2 ] || echo '${#?} wrong'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..faf2b3f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/length5.0 220656 2011-04-15 15:33:24Z jilles $
+
+unset LC_ALL
+LC_CTYPE=en_US.ISO8859-1
+export LC_CTYPE
+
+e=
+for i in 0 1 2 3; do
+	for j in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
+		for k in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
+			case $i$j$k in
+			000) continue ;;
+			esac
+			e="$e\\$i$j$k"
+		done
+	done
+done
+ee=`printf "$e"`
+[ ${#ee} = 255 ] || echo bad 1
+[ "${#ee}" = 255 ] || echo bad 2
+[ $((${#ee})) = 255 ] || echo bad 3
+[ "$((${#ee}))" = 255 ] || echo bad 4
+set -- "$ee"
+[ ${#1} = 255 ] || echo bad 5
+[ "${#1}" = 255 ] || echo bad 6
+[ $((${#1})) = 255 ] || echo bad 7
+[ "$((${#1}))" = 255 ] || echo bad 8
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bef0d7bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/length6.0 220903 2011-04-20 22:24:54Z jilles $
+
+x='!@#$%^&*()[]'
+[ ${#x} = 12 ] || echo bad 1
+[ "${#x}" = 12 ] || echo bad 2
+IFS=2
+[ ${#x} = 1 ] || echo bad 3
+[ "${#x}" = 12 ] || echo bad 4
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed7eab56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/length7.0 221602 2011-05-07 14:32:16Z jilles $
+
+unset LC_ALL
+LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
+export LC_CTYPE
+
+# a umlaut
+s=$(printf '\303\244')
+# euro sign
+s=$s$(printf '\342\202\254')
+# some sort of 't' outside BMP
+s=$s$(printf '\360\235\225\245')
+set -- "$s"
+[ ${#s} = 3 ] && [ ${#1} = 3 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ea7e53f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/length8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/length8.0 221602 2011-05-07 14:32:16Z jilles $
+
+unset LC_ALL
+LC_CTYPE=en_US.ISO8859-1
+export LC_CTYPE
+
+# a umlaut
+s=$(printf '\303\244')
+# euro sign
+s=$s$(printf '\342\202\254')
+# some sort of 't' outside BMP
+s=$s$(printf '\360\235\225\245')
+set -- "$s"
+[ ${#s} = 9 ] && [ ${#1} = 9 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/local1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/local1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..79c29b11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/local1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/local1.0 238468 2012-07-15 10:19:43Z jilles $
+
+run_test() {
+	w='@ @'
+	check() {
+		[ "$v" = "$w" ] || echo "Expected $w got $v"
+	}
+
+	local v=$w
+	check
+
+	HOME=/known/value
+	check() {
+		[ "$v" = ~ ] || echo "Expected $HOME got $v"
+	}
+
+	local v=~
+	check
+
+	check() {
+		[ "$v" = "x:$HOME" ] || echo "Expected x:$HOME got $v"
+	}
+
+	local v=x:~
+	check
+}
+
+run_test
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/local2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/local2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..98f1aa07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/local2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/local2.0 238468 2012-07-15 10:19:43Z jilles $
+
+run_test() {
+	w='@ @'
+	check() {
+		[ "$v" = "$w" ] || echo "Expected $w got $v"
+	}
+
+	command local v=$w
+	check
+	command command local v=$w
+	check
+
+	HOME=/known/value
+	check() {
+		[ "$v" = ~ ] || echo "Expected $HOME got $v"
+	}
+
+	command local v=~
+	check
+	command command local v=~
+	check
+
+	check() {
+		[ "$v" = "x:$HOME" ] || echo "Expected x:$HOME got $v"
+	}
+
+	command local v=x:~
+	check
+	command command local v=x:~
+	check
+}
+
+run_test
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..449eb579
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/pathname1.0 302937 2016-07-16 13:26:18Z ache $
+
+unset LC_ALL
+LC_COLLATE=C
+export LC_COLLATE
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	testcase=$1
+	expect=$2
+	eval "set -- $testcase"
+	actual="$*"
+	if [ "$actual" != "$expect" ]; then
+		failures=$((failures+1))
+		printf '%s\n' "For $testcase, expected $expect actual $actual"
+	fi
+}
+
+set -e
+T=$(mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX)
+trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
+cd -P $T
+
+mkdir testdir testdir2 'testdir/*' 'testdir/?' testdir/a testdir/b testdir2/b
+mkdir testdir2/.c
+touch testf 'testdir/*/1' 'testdir/?/1' testdir/a/1 testdir/b/1 testdir2/b/.a
+
+check '' ''
+check 'testdir/b' 'testdir/b'
+check 'testdir/c' 'testdir/c'
+check '\*' '*'
+check '\?' '?'
+check '*' 'testdir testdir2 testf'
+check '*""' 'testdir testdir2 testf'
+check '""*' 'testdir testdir2 testf'
+check '*/' 'testdir/ testdir2/'
+check 'testdir*/a' 'testdir/a'
+check 'testdir*/b' 'testdir/b testdir2/b'
+check '*/.c' 'testdir2/.c'
+check 'testdir2/*' 'testdir2/b'
+check 'testdir2/b/*' 'testdir2/b/*'
+check 'testdir/*' 'testdir/* testdir/? testdir/a testdir/b'
+check 'testdir/*/1' 'testdir/*/1 testdir/?/1 testdir/a/1 testdir/b/1'
+check '"testdir/"*/1' 'testdir/*/1 testdir/?/1 testdir/a/1 testdir/b/1'
+check 'testdir/\*/*' 'testdir/*/1'
+check 'testdir/\?/*' 'testdir/?/1'
+check 'testdir/"?"/*' 'testdir/?/1'
+check '"testdir"/"?"/*' 'testdir/?/1'
+check '"testdir"/"?"*/*' 'testdir/?/1'
+check '"testdir"/*"?"/*' 'testdir/?/1'
+check '"testdir/?"*/*' 'testdir/?/1'
+check 'testdir/\*/' 'testdir/*/'
+check 'testdir/\?/' 'testdir/?/'
+check 'testdir/"?"/' 'testdir/?/'
+check '"testdir"/"?"/' 'testdir/?/'
+check '"testdir"/"?"*/' 'testdir/?/'
+check '"testdir"/*"?"/' 'testdir/?/'
+check '"testdir/?"*/' 'testdir/?/'
+check 'testdir/[*]/' 'testdir/*/'
+check 'testdir/[?]/' 'testdir/?/'
+check 'testdir/[*?]/' 'testdir/*/ testdir/?/'
+check '[tz]estdir/[*]/' 'testdir/*/'
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af6fa1da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/pathname2.0 302937 2016-07-16 13:26:18Z ache $
+
+unset LC_ALL
+LC_COLLATE=C
+export LC_COLLATE
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	testcase=$1
+	expect=$2
+	eval "set -- $testcase"
+	actual="$*"
+	if [ "$actual" != "$expect" ]; then
+		failures=$((failures+1))
+		printf '%s\n' "For $testcase, expected $expect actual $actual"
+	fi
+}
+
+set -e
+T=$(mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX)
+trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
+cd -P $T
+
+mkdir testdir testdir2 'testdir/*' 'testdir/?' testdir/a testdir/b testdir2/b
+mkdir testdir2/.c
+touch testf 'testdir/*/1' 'testdir/?/1' testdir/a/1 testdir/b/1 testdir2/b/.a
+
+check '*\/' 'testdir/ testdir2/'
+check '"testdir/"*"/1"' 'testdir/*/1 testdir/?/1 testdir/a/1 testdir/b/1'
+check '"testdir/"*"/"*' 'testdir/*/1 testdir/?/1 testdir/a/1 testdir/b/1'
+check '"testdir/"*\/*' 'testdir/*/1 testdir/?/1 testdir/a/1 testdir/b/1'
+check '"testdir"*"/"*"/"*' 'testdir/*/1 testdir/?/1 testdir/a/1 testdir/b/1'
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a703838c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/pathname3.0 211155 2010-08-10 22:45:59Z jilles $
+
+v=12345678
+v=$v$v$v$v
+v=$v$v$v$v
+v=$v$v$v$v
+v=$v$v$v$v
+v=$v$v$v$v
+# 8192 bytes
+v=${v##???}
+[ /*/$v = "/*/$v" ] || exit 1
+
+s=////
+s=$s$s$s$s
+s=$s$s$s$s
+s=$s$s$s$s
+s=$s$s$s$s
+# 1024 bytes
+s=${s##??????????}
+[ /var/empt[y]/$s/$v = "/var/empt[y]/$s/$v" ] || exit 2
+while [ ${#s} -lt 1034 ]; do
+	set -- /.${s}et[c]
+	[ ${#s} -gt 1018 ] || [ "$1" = /.${s}etc ] || exit 3
+	set -- /.${s}et[c]/
+	[ ${#s} -gt 1017 ] || [ "$1" = /.${s}etc/ ] || exit 4
+	set -- /.${s}et[c]/.
+	[ ${#s} -gt 1016 ] || [ "$1" = /.${s}etc/. ] || exit 5
+	s=$s/
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..586bced7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/pathname4.0 211646 2010-08-22 21:18:21Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	testcase=$1
+	expect=$2
+	eval "set -- $testcase"
+	actual="$*"
+	if [ "$actual" != "$expect" ]; then
+		failures=$((failures+1))
+		printf '%s\n' "For $testcase, expected $expect actual $actual"
+	fi
+}
+
+set -e
+T=$(mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX)
+trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
+cd -P $T
+
+mkdir !!a
+touch !!a/fff
+
+chmod u-r .
+check '!!a/ff*' '!!a/fff'
+chmod u+r .
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..775403c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/pathname5.0 278806 2015-02-15 19:48:29Z jilles $
+
+[ `echo '/[e]tc'` = /etc ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a044915e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/pathname6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/pathname6.0 302937 2016-07-16 13:26:18Z ache $
+
+unset LC_ALL
+LC_COLLATE=en_US.US-ASCII
+export LC_COLLATE
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	testcase=$1
+	expect=$2
+	eval "set -- $testcase"
+	actual="$*"
+	if [ "$actual" != "$expect" ]; then
+		failures=$((failures+1))
+		printf '%s\n' "For $testcase, expected $expect actual $actual"
+	fi
+}
+
+set -e
+T=$(mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX)
+trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
+cd -P $T
+
+touch A B a b
+
+check '*' 'a A b B'
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1daa8642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/plus-minus1.0 216738 2010-12-27 15:57:41Z emaste $
+
+e= q='?' a='*' t=texttext s='ast*que?non' p='/et[c]/' w='a b c' b='{{(#)}}'
+h='##'
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+testcase 'set -- a b'				'2|a|b'
+testcase 'set --'				'0|'
+testcase 'set -- ${e}'				'0|'
+testcase 'set -- "${e}"'			'1|'
+
+testcase 'set -- $p'				'1|/etc/'
+testcase 'set -- "$p"'				'1|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'set -- ${s+$p}'			'1|/etc/'
+testcase 'set -- "${s+$p}"'			'1|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'set -- ${s+"$p"}'			'1|/et[c]/'
+# Dquotes in dquotes is undefined for Bourne shell operators
+#testcase 'set -- "${s+"$p"}"'			'1|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'set -- ${e:-$p}'			'1|/etc/'
+testcase 'set -- "${e:-$p}"'			'1|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'set -- ${e:-"$p"}'			'1|/et[c]/'
+# Dquotes in dquotes is undefined for Bourne shell operators
+#testcase 'set -- "${e:-"$p"}"'			'1|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'set -- ${e:+"$e"}'			'0|'
+testcase 'set -- ${e:+$w"$e"}'			'0|'
+testcase 'set -- ${w:+"$w"}'			'1|a b c'
+testcase 'set -- ${w:+$w"$w"}'			'3|a|b|ca b c'
+
+testcase 'set -- "${s+a b}"'			'1|a b'
+testcase 'set -- "${e:-a b}"'			'1|a b'
+testcase 'set -- ${e:-\}}'			'1|}'
+testcase 'set -- ${e:+{}}'			'1|}'
+testcase 'set -- "${e:+{}}"'			'1|}'
+
+testcase 'set -- ${e+x}${e+x}'			'1|xx'
+testcase 'set -- "${e+x}"${e+x}'		'1|xx'
+testcase 'set -- ${e+x}"${e+x}"'		'1|xx'
+testcase 'set -- "${e+x}${e+x}"'		'1|xx'
+testcase 'set -- "${e+x}""${e+x}"'		'1|xx'
+
+testcase 'set -- ${e:-${e:-$p}}'		'1|/etc/'
+testcase 'set -- "${e:-${e:-$p}}"'		'1|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'set -- ${e:-"${e:-$p}"}'		'1|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'set -- ${e:-${e:-"$p"}}'		'1|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'set -- ${e:-${e:-${e:-$w}}}'		'3|a|b|c'
+testcase 'set -- ${e:-${e:-${e:-"$w"}}}'	'1|a b c'
+testcase 'set -- ${e:-${e:-"${e:-$w}"}}'	'1|a b c'
+testcase 'set -- ${e:-"${e:-${e:-$w}}"}'	'1|a b c'
+testcase 'set -- "${e:-${e:-${e:-$w}}}"'	'1|a b c'
+
+testcase 'shift $#; set -- ${1+"$@"}'		'0|'
+testcase 'set -- ""; set -- ${1+"$@"}'		'1|'
+testcase 'set -- "" a; set -- ${1+"$@"}'	'2||a'
+testcase 'set -- a ""; set -- ${1+"$@"}'	'2|a|'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- ${1+"$@"}'		'2|a|b'
+testcase 'set -- a\ b; set -- ${1+"$@"}'	'1|a b'
+testcase 'set -- " " ""; set -- ${1+"$@"}'	'2| |'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34057f94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/plus-minus2.0 206145 2010-04-03 20:55:56Z jilles $
+
+e=
+test "${e:-\}}" = '}'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0e551060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/plus-minus3.0 206817 2010-04-18 22:13:45Z jilles $
+
+e= q='?' a='*' t=texttext s='ast*que?non' p='/et[c]/' w='a b c' b='{{(#)}}'
+h='##'
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+# We follow original ash behaviour for quoted ${var+-=?} expansions:
+# a double-quote in one switches back to unquoted state.
+# This allows expanding a variable as a single word if it is set
+# and substituting multiple words otherwise.
+# It is also close to the Bourne and Korn shells.
+# POSIX leaves this undefined, and various other shells treat
+# such double-quotes as introducing a second level of quoting
+# which does not do much except quoting close braces.
+
+testcase 'set -- "${p+"/et[c]/"}"'		'1|/etc/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p-"/et[c]/"}"'		'1|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p+"$p"}"'			'1|/etc/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p-"$p"}"'			'1|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p+"""/et[c]/"}"'		'1|/etc/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p-"""/et[c]/"}"'		'1|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p+"""$p"}"'			'1|/etc/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p-"""$p"}"'			'1|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p+"\@"}"'			'1|@'
+testcase 'set -- "${p+"'\''/et[c]/'\''"}"'	'1|/et[c]/'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8f9984c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/plus-minus4.0 211080 2010-08-08 17:03:23Z jilles $
+
+# These may be a bit unclear in the POSIX spec or the proposed revisions,
+# and conflict with bash's interpretation, but I think ksh93's interpretation
+# makes most sense. In particular, it makes no sense to me that single-quotes
+# must match but are not removed.
+
+e= q='?' a='*' t=texttext s='ast*que?non' p='/et[c]/' w='a b c' b='{{(#)}}'
+h='##'
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+testcase 'set -- ${e:-'"'"'}'"'"'}'		'1|}'
+testcase "set -- \${e:-\\'}"			"1|'"
+testcase "set -- \${e:-\\'\\'}"			"1|''"
+testcase "set -- \"\${e:-'}\""			"1|'"
+testcase "set -- \"\${e:-'}'}\""		"1|''}"
+testcase "set -- \"\${e:-''}\""			"1|''"
+testcase 'set -- ${e:-\a}'			'1|a'
+testcase 'set -- "${e:-\a}"'			'1|\a'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c3b97570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/plus-minus5.0 214492 2010-10-28 22:34:49Z jilles $
+
+e= q='?' a='*' t=texttext s='ast*que?non' p='/et[c]/' w='a b c' b='{{(#)}}'
+h='##'
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+testcase 'set -- ${e:-"{x}"}'			'1|{x}'
+testcase 'set -- "${e:-"{x}"}"'			'1|{x}'
+testcase 'set -- ${h+"{x}"}'			'1|{x}'
+testcase 'set -- "${h+"{x}"}"'			'1|{x}'
+testcase 'set -- ${h:-"{x}"}'			'1|##'
+testcase 'set -- "${h:-"{x}"}"'			'1|##'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fccbbaeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/plus-minus6.0 214512 2010-10-29 13:42:18Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+unset LC_ALL
+export LC_CTYPE=en_US.ISO8859-1
+nl='
+'
+i=1
+set -f
+while [ "$i" -le 255 ]; do
+	# A different byte still in the range 1..255.
+	i2=$((i^2+(i==2)))
+	# Add a character to work around command substitution's removal of
+	# final newlines, then remove it again.
+	c=$(printf \\"$(printf %o@ "$i")")
+	c=${c%@}
+	c2=$(printf \\"$(printf %o@ "$i2")")
+	c2=${c2%@}
+	case $c in
+		[\'$nl'$}();&|\"`']) c=M
+	esac
+	case $c2 in
+		[\'$nl'$}();&|\"`']) c2=N
+	esac
+	IFS=$c
+	command eval "set -- \${\$+$c2$c$c2$c$c2}"
+	if [ "$#" -ne 3 ] || [ "$1" != "$c2" ] || [ "$2" != "$c2" ] ||
+	    [ "$3" != "$c2" ]; then
+		echo "Bad results for separator $i (word $i2)" >&2
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+	i=$((i+1))
+done
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a5e0e770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/plus-minus7.0 216738 2010-12-27 15:57:41Z emaste $
+
+e= s='foo'
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+testcase 'set -- ${s+a b}'			'2|a|b'
+testcase 'set -- ${e:-a b}'			'2|a|b'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bdd4ff5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/plus-minus8.0 219623 2011-03-13 20:02:39Z jilles $
+
+set -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
+[ "${#+hi}" = hi ] || echo '${#+hi} wrong'
+[ "${#-hi}" = 13 ] || echo '${#-hi} wrong'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a3cb58d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/plus-minus9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/plus-minus9.0 333927 2018-05-20 17:25:52Z jilles $
+
+a=1
+b=${a+
+}
+n='
+'
+[ "$b" = "$n" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/question1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/question1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e89aed94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/question1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/question1.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+
+x=a\ b
+[ "$x" = "${x?}" ] || exit 1
+set -- ${x?}
+{ [ "$#" = 2 ] && [ "$1" = a ] && [ "$2" = b ]; } || exit 1
+unset x
+(echo ${x?abcdefg}) 2>&1 | grep -q abcdefg || exit 1
+${SH} -c 'unset foo; echo ${foo?}' 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -c 'foo=; echo ${foo:?}' 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -c 'foo=; echo ${foo?}' >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -c 'foo=1; echo ${foo:?}' >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -c 'echo ${!?}' 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -c ':& echo ${!?}' >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -c 'echo ${#?}' >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -c 'echo ${*?}' 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -c 'echo ${*?}' ${SH} x >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -c 'echo ${1?}' 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -c 'echo ${1?}' ${SH} x >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -c 'echo ${2?}' ${SH} x 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -c 'echo ${2?}' ${SH} x y >/dev/null || exit 1
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/readonly1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/readonly1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7040df89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/readonly1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/readonly1.0 238468 2012-07-15 10:19:43Z jilles $
+
+w='@ @'
+
+v=0 HOME=/known/value
+readonly v=~:~/:$w
+[ "$v" = "$HOME:$HOME/:$w" ] || echo "Expected $HOME/:$w got $v"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/redir1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/redir1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d951b4ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/redir1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/redir1.0 273920 2014-10-31 22:28:10Z jilles $
+
+bad=0
+for i in 0 1 2 3; do
+	for j in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
+		for k in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
+			case $i$j$k in
+			000) continue ;;
+			esac
+			set -- "$(printf \\$i$j$k@)"
+			set -- "${1%@}"
+			ff=
+			for f in /dev/null /dev/zero /; do
+				if [ -e "$f" ] && [ ! -e "$f$1" ]; then
+					ff=$f
+				fi
+			done
+			[ -n "$ff" ] || continue
+			if { true <$ff$1; } 2>/dev/null; then
+				echo "Bad: $i$j$k ($ff)" >&2
+				: $((bad += 1))
+			fi
+		done
+	done
+done
+exit $((bad ? 2 : 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/set-u1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/set-u1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39f7e175
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/set-u1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/set-u1.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+
+${SH} -uc 'unset foo; echo $foo' 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'foo=; echo $foo' >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'foo=1; echo $foo' >/dev/null || exit 1
+# -/+/= are unaffected by set -u
+${SH} -uc 'unset foo; echo ${foo-}' >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'unset foo; echo ${foo+}' >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'unset foo; echo ${foo=}' >/dev/null || exit 1
+# length/trimming are affected
+${SH} -uc 'unset foo; echo ${#foo}' 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'foo=; echo ${#foo}' >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'unset foo; echo ${foo#?}' 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'foo=1; echo ${foo#?}' >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'unset foo; echo ${foo##?}' 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'foo=1; echo ${foo##?}' >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'unset foo; echo ${foo%?}' 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'foo=1; echo ${foo%?}' >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'unset foo; echo ${foo%%?}' 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'foo=1; echo ${foo%%?}' >/dev/null || exit 1
+
+${SH} -uc 'echo $!' 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -uc ':& echo $!' >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'echo $#' >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'echo $1' 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'echo $1' ${SH} x >/dev/null || exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'echo $2' ${SH} x 2>/dev/null && exit 1
+${SH} -uc 'echo $2' ${SH} x y >/dev/null || exit 1
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/set-u2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/set-u2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2bd065d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/set-u2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/set-u2.0 198454 2009-10-24 21:20:04Z jilles $
+
+set -u
+: $* $@ "$@" "$*"
+set -- x
+: $* $@ "$@" "$*"
+shift $#
+: $* $@ "$@" "$*"
+set -- y
+set --
+: $* $@ "$@" "$*"
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/set-u3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/set-u3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42ef481c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/set-u3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/set-u3.0 221463 2011-05-04 22:12:22Z jilles $
+
+set -u
+unset x
+v=$( (eval ': $((x))') 2>&1 >/dev/null)
+[ $? -ne 0 ] && [ -n "$v" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/tilde1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/tilde1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ce2aeb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/tilde1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/tilde1.0 206149 2010-04-03 21:56:24Z jilles $
+
+HOME=/tmp
+roothome=~root
+if [ "$roothome" = "~root" ]; then
+	echo "~root is not expanded!"
+	exit 2
+fi
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+testcase 'set -- ~'				'1|/tmp'
+testcase 'set -- ~/foo'				'1|/tmp/foo'
+testcase 'set -- x~'				'1|x~'
+testcase 'set -- ~root'				"1|$roothome"
+h=~
+testcase 'set -- "$h"'				'1|/tmp'
+ooIFS=$IFS
+IFS=m
+testcase 'set -- ~'				'1|/tmp'
+testcase 'set -- ~/foo'				'1|/tmp/foo'
+testcase 'set -- $h'				'2|/t|p'
+IFS=$ooIFS
+t=\~
+testcase 'set -- $t'				'1|~'
+r=$(cat <<EOF
+~
+EOF
+)
+testcase 'set -- $r'				'1|~'
+r=$(cat <<EOF
+${t+~}
+EOF
+)
+testcase 'set -- $r'				'1|~'
+r=$(cat <<EOF
+${t+~/.}
+EOF
+)
+testcase 'set -- $r'				'1|~/.'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/tilde2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/tilde2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb7e63e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/tilde2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/tilde2.0 206150 2010-04-03 22:04:44Z jilles $
+
+HOME=/tmp
+roothome=~root
+if [ "$roothome" = "~root" ]; then
+	echo "~root is not expanded!"
+	exit 2
+fi
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+testcase 'set -- ${$+~}'			'1|/tmp'
+testcase 'set -- ${$+~/}'			'1|/tmp/'
+testcase 'set -- ${$+~/foo}'			'1|/tmp/foo'
+testcase 'set -- ${$+x~}'			'1|x~'
+testcase 'set -- ${$+~root}'			"1|$roothome"
+testcase 'set -- ${$+"~"}'			'1|~'
+testcase 'set -- ${$+"~/"}'			'1|~/'
+testcase 'set -- ${$+"~/foo"}'			'1|~/foo'
+testcase 'set -- ${$+"x~"}'			'1|x~'
+testcase 'set -- ${$+"~root"}'			"1|~root"
+testcase 'set -- "${$+~}"'			'1|~'
+testcase 'set -- "${$+~/}"'			'1|~/'
+testcase 'set -- "${$+~/foo}"'			'1|~/foo'
+testcase 'set -- "${$+x~}"'			'1|x~'
+testcase 'set -- "${$+~root}"'			"1|~root"
+testcase 'set -- ${HOME#~}'			'0|'
+h=~
+testcase 'set -- "$h"'				'1|/tmp'
+f=~/foo
+testcase 'set -- "$f"'				'1|/tmp/foo'
+testcase 'set -- ${f#~}'			'1|/foo'
+testcase 'set -- ${f#~/}'			'1|foo'
+
+ooIFS=$IFS
+IFS=m
+testcase 'set -- ${$+~}'			'1|/tmp'
+testcase 'set -- ${$+~/foo}'			'1|/tmp/foo'
+testcase 'set -- ${$+$h}'			'2|/t|p'
+testcase 'set -- ${HOME#~}'			'0|'
+IFS=$ooIFS
+
+t=\~
+testcase 'set -- ${$+$t}'			'1|~'
+r=$(cat <<EOF
+${HOME#~}
+EOF
+)
+testcase 'set -- $r'				'0|'
+r=$(cat <<EOF
+${HOME#'~'}
+EOF
+)
+testcase 'set -- $r'				'1|/tmp'
+r=$(cat <<EOF
+${t#'~'}
+EOF
+)
+testcase 'set -- $r'				'0|'
+r=$(cat <<EOF
+${roothome#~root}
+EOF
+)
+testcase 'set -- $r'				'0|'
+r=$(cat <<EOF
+${f#~}
+EOF
+)
+testcase 'set -- $r'				'1|/foo'
+r=$(cat <<EOF
+${f#~/}
+EOF
+)
+testcase 'set -- $r'				'1|foo'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78227afd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/trim1.0 206143 2010-04-03 20:14:10Z jilles $
+
+e= q='?' a='*' t=texttext s='ast*que?non' p='/et[c]/' w='a b c' b='{{(#)}}'
+h='##'
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+testcase 'set -- ${t%t}'			'1|texttex'
+testcase 'set -- "${t%t}"'			'1|texttex'
+testcase 'set -- ${t%e*}'			'1|textt'
+testcase 'set -- "${t%e*}"'			'1|textt'
+testcase 'set -- ${t%%e*}'			'1|t'
+testcase 'set -- "${t%%e*}"'			'1|t'
+testcase 'set -- ${t%%*}'			'0|'
+testcase 'set -- "${t%%*}"'			'1|'
+testcase 'set -- ${t#t}'			'1|exttext'
+testcase 'set -- "${t#t}"'			'1|exttext'
+testcase 'set -- ${t#*x}'			'1|ttext'
+testcase 'set -- "${t#*x}"'			'1|ttext'
+testcase 'set -- ${t##*x}'			'1|t'
+testcase 'set -- "${t##*x}"'			'1|t'
+testcase 'set -- ${t##*}'			'0|'
+testcase 'set -- "${t##*}"'			'1|'
+testcase 'set -- ${t%e$a}'			'1|textt'
+
+set -f
+testcase 'set -- ${s%[?]*}'			'1|ast*que'
+testcase 'set -- "${s%[?]*}"'			'1|ast*que'
+testcase 'set -- ${s%[*]*}'			'1|ast'
+testcase 'set -- "${s%[*]*}"'			'1|ast'
+set +f
+
+testcase 'set -- $b'				'1|{{(#)}}'
+testcase 'set -- ${b%\}}'			'1|{{(#)}'
+testcase 'set -- ${b#{}'			'1|{(#)}}'
+testcase 'set -- "${b#{}"'			'1|{(#)}}'
+# Parentheses are special in ksh, check that they can be escaped
+testcase 'set -- ${b%\)*}'			'1|{{(#'
+testcase 'set -- ${b#{}'			'1|{(#)}}'
+testcase 'set -- $h'				'1|##'
+testcase 'set -- ${h#\#}'			'1|#'
+testcase 'set -- ${h###}'			'1|#'
+testcase 'set -- "${h###}"'			'1|#'
+testcase 'set -- ${h%#}'			'1|#'
+testcase 'set -- "${h%#}"'			'1|#'
+
+set -f
+testcase 'set -- ${s%"${s#?}"}'			'1|a'
+testcase 'set -- ${s%"${s#????}"}'		'1|ast*'
+testcase 'set -- ${s%"${s#????????}"}'		'1|ast*que?'
+testcase 'set -- ${s#"${s%?}"}'			'1|n'
+testcase 'set -- ${s#"${s%????}"}'		'1|?non'
+testcase 'set -- ${s#"${s%????????}"}'		'1|*que?non'
+set +f
+testcase 'set -- "${s%"${s#?}"}"'		'1|a'
+testcase 'set -- "${s%"${s#????}"}"'		'1|ast*'
+testcase 'set -- "${s%"${s#????????}"}"'	'1|ast*que?'
+testcase 'set -- "${s#"${s%?}"}"'		'1|n'
+testcase 'set -- "${s#"${s%????}"}"'		'1|?non'
+testcase 'set -- "${s#"${s%????????}"}"'	'1|*que?non'
+testcase 'set -- ${p#${p}}'			'1|/etc/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p#${p}}"'			'1|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'set -- ${p#*[[]}'			'1|c]/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p#*[[]}"'			'1|c]/'
+testcase 'set -- ${p#*\[}'			'1|c]/'
+testcase 'set -- ${p#*"["}'			'1|c]/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p#*"["}"'			'1|c]/'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim10.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim10.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f163c1a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim10.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/trim10.0 333927 2018-05-20 17:25:52Z jilles $
+
+a='z
+'
+b=${a%
+}
+[ "$b" = z ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim11.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim11.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..89210f4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim11.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/trim11.0 333927 2018-05-20 17:25:52Z jilles $
+
+a='z
+'
+b="${a%
+}"
+[ "$b" = z ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..61560f61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/trim2.0 206147 2010-04-03 21:07:50Z jilles $
+
+e= q='?' a='*' t=texttext s='ast*que?non' p='/et[c]/' w='a b c' b='{{(#)}}'
+h='##'
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+set -f
+testcase 'set -- $s'				'1|ast*que?non'
+testcase 'set -- ${s%\?*}'			'1|ast*que'
+testcase 'set -- "${s%\?*}"'			'1|ast*que'
+testcase 'set -- ${s%\**}'			'1|ast'
+testcase 'set -- "${s%\**}"'			'1|ast'
+testcase 'set -- ${s%"$q"*}'			'1|ast*que'
+testcase 'set -- "${s%"$q"*}"'			'1|ast*que'
+testcase 'set -- ${s%"$a"*}'			'1|ast'
+testcase 'set -- "${s%"$a"*}"'			'1|ast'
+testcase 'set -- ${s%"$q"$a}'			'1|ast*que'
+testcase 'set -- "${s%"$q"$a}"'			'1|ast*que'
+testcase 'set -- ${s%"$a"$a}'			'1|ast'
+testcase 'set -- "${s%"$a"$a}"'			'1|ast'
+set +f
+
+testcase 'set -- "${b%\}}"'			'1|{{(#)}'
+# Parentheses are special in ksh, check that they can be escaped
+testcase 'set -- "${b%\)*}"'			'1|{{(#'
+testcase 'set -- "${h#\#}"'			'1|#'
+
+testcase 'set -- ${p%"${p#?}"}'			'1|/'
+testcase 'set -- ${p%"${p#??????}"}'		'1|/etc'
+testcase 'set -- ${p%"${p#???????}"}'		'1|/etc/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p%"${p#?}"}"'		'1|/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p%"${p#??????}"}"'		'1|/et[c]'
+testcase 'set -- "${p%"${p#???????}"}"'		'1|/et[c]/'
+testcase 'set -- ${p#"${p}"}'			'0|'
+testcase 'set -- "${p#"${p}"}"'			'1|'
+testcase 'set -- "${p#*\[}"'			'1|c]/'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35f2b580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/trim3.0 207127 2010-04-23 17:26:49Z jilles $
+
+e= q='?' a='*' t=texttext s='ast*que?non' p='/et[c]/' w='a b c' b='{{(#)}}'
+h='##' c='\\\\'
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+# This doesn't make much sense, but it fails in dash so I'm adding it here:
+testcase 'set -- "${w%${w#???}}"'		'1|a b'
+
+testcase 'set -- ${p#/et[}'			'1|c]/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p#/et[}"'			'1|c]/'
+testcase 'set -- "${p%${p#????}}"'		'1|/et['
+
+testcase 'set -- ${b%'\'}\''}'			'1|{{(#)}'
+
+testcase 'set -- ${c#\\}'			'1|\\\'
+testcase 'set -- ${c#\\\\}'			'1|\\'
+testcase 'set -- ${c#\\\\\\}'			'1|\'
+testcase 'set -- ${c#\\\\\\\\}'			'0|'
+testcase 'set -- "${c#\\}"'			'1|\\\'
+testcase 'set -- "${c#\\\\}"'			'1|\\'
+testcase 'set -- "${c#\\\\\\}"'			'1|\'
+testcase 'set -- "${c#\\\\\\\\}"'		'1|'
+testcase 'set -- "${c#"$c"}"'			'1|'
+testcase 'set -- ${c#"$c"}'			'0|'
+testcase 'set -- "${c%"$c"}"'			'1|'
+testcase 'set -- ${c%"$c"}'			'0|'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82e38e20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/trim4.0 213814 2010-10-13 23:29:09Z obrien $
+
+v1=/homes/SOME_USER
+v2=
+v3=C123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+
+# Trigger bug in VSTRIMRIGHT processing STADJUST() call in expand.c:subevalvar()
+while [ ${#v2} -lt 2000 ]; do
+	v4="${v2} ${v1%/*} $v3"
+	if [ ${#v4} -ne $((${#v2} + ${#v3} + 8)) ]; then
+		echo bad: ${#v4} -ne $((${#v2} + ${#v3} + 8))
+	fi
+	v2=x$v2
+	v3=y$v3
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..572e5b0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/trim5.0 214490 2010-10-28 21:51:14Z jilles $
+
+e= q='?' a='*' t=texttext s='ast*que?non' p='/et[c]/' w='a b c' b='{{(#)}}'
+h='##'
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+testcase 'set -- "${b%'\'}\''}"'		'1|{{(#)}'
+testcase 'set -- ${b%"}"}'			'1|{{(#)}'
+testcase 'set -- "${b%"}"}"'			'1|{{(#)}'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a0c55a85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/trim6.0 214524 2010-10-29 19:34:57Z jilles $
+
+e=
+for i in 0 1 2 3; do
+	for j in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
+		for k in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
+			case $i$j$k in
+			000) continue ;;
+			esac
+			e="$e\\$i$j$k"
+		done
+	done
+done
+e=$(printf "$e")
+v=@$e@$e@
+y=${v##*"$e"}
+yq="${v##*"$e"}"
+[ "$y" = @ ] || echo "error when unquoted in non-splitting context"
+[ "$yq" = @ ] || echo "error when quoted in non-splitting context"
+[ "${v##*"$e"}" = @ ] || echo "error when quoted in splitting context"
+IFS=
+[ ${v##*"$e"} = @ ] || echo "error when unquoted in splitting context"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0bea44f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/trim7.0 219623 2011-03-13 20:02:39Z jilles $
+
+set -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
+[ "${##1}" = 3 ] || echo '${##1} wrong'
+[ "${###1}" = 3 ] || echo '${###1} wrong'
+[ "${###}" = 13 ] || echo '${###} wrong'
+[ "${#%3}" = 1 ] || echo '${#%3} wrong'
+[ "${#%%3}" = 1 ] || echo '${#%%3} wrong'
+[ "${#%%}" = 13 ] || echo '${#%%} wrong'
+set --
+[ "${##0}" = "" ] || echo '${##0} wrong'
+[ "${###0}" = "" ] || echo '${###0} wrong'
+[ "${###}" = 0 ] || echo '${###} wrong'
+[ "${#%0}" = "" ] || echo '${#%0} wrong'
+[ "${#%%0}" = "" ] || echo '${#%%0} wrong'
+[ "${#%%}" = 0 ] || echo '${#%%} wrong'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91cf0eeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/trim8.0 221646 2011-05-08 11:32:20Z jilles $
+
+unset LC_ALL
+LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
+export LC_CTYPE
+
+c1=e
+# a umlaut
+c2=$(printf '\303\244')
+# euro sign
+c3=$(printf '\342\202\254')
+# some sort of 't' outside BMP
+c4=$(printf '\360\235\225\245')
+
+s=$c1$c2$c3$c4
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+testcase 'set -- "$s"'				"1|$s"
+testcase 'set -- "${s#$c2}"'			"1|$s"
+testcase 'set -- "${s#*}"'			"1|$s"
+testcase 'set -- "${s#$c1}"'			"1|$c2$c3$c4"
+testcase 'set -- "${s#$c1$c2}"'			"1|$c3$c4"
+testcase 'set -- "${s#$c1$c2$c3}"'		"1|$c4"
+testcase 'set -- "${s#$c1$c2$c3$c4}"'		"1|"
+testcase 'set -- "${s#?}"'			"1|$c2$c3$c4"
+testcase 'set -- "${s#??}"'			"1|$c3$c4"
+testcase 'set -- "${s#???}"'			"1|$c4"
+testcase 'set -- "${s#????}"'			"1|"
+testcase 'set -- "${s#*$c3}"'			"1|$c4"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%$c4}"'			"1|$c1$c2$c3"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%$c3$c4}"'			"1|$c1$c2"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%$c2$c3$c4}"'		"1|$c1"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%$c1$c2$c3$c4}"'		"1|"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%?}"'			"1|$c1$c2$c3"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%??}"'			"1|$c1$c2"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%???}"'			"1|$c1"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%????}"'			"1|"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%$c2*}"'			"1|$c1"
+testcase 'set -- "${s##$c2}"'			"1|$s"
+testcase 'set -- "${s##*}"'			"1|"
+testcase 'set -- "${s##$c1}"'			"1|$c2$c3$c4"
+testcase 'set -- "${s##$c1$c2}"'		"1|$c3$c4"
+testcase 'set -- "${s##$c1$c2$c3}"'		"1|$c4"
+testcase 'set -- "${s##$c1$c2$c3$c4}"'		"1|"
+testcase 'set -- "${s##?}"'			"1|$c2$c3$c4"
+testcase 'set -- "${s##??}"'			"1|$c3$c4"
+testcase 'set -- "${s##???}"'			"1|$c4"
+testcase 'set -- "${s##????}"'			"1|"
+testcase 'set -- "${s##*$c3}"'			"1|$c4"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%%$c4}"'			"1|$c1$c2$c3"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%%$c3$c4}"'		"1|$c1$c2"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%%$c2$c3$c4}"'		"1|$c1"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%%$c1$c2$c3$c4}"'		"1|"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%%?}"'			"1|$c1$c2$c3"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%%??}"'			"1|$c1$c2"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%%???}"'			"1|$c1"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%%????}"'			"1|"
+testcase 'set -- "${s%%$c2*}"'			"1|$c1"
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa32954c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/expansion/trim9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/expansion/trim9.0 292758 2015-12-26 22:27:48Z jilles $
+
+# POSIX does not specify these but they occasionally occur in the wild.
+# This just serves to keep working what currently works.
+
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+testcase 'shift $#; set -- "${*#Q}"'		'1|'
+testcase 'shift $#; set -- "${*##Q}"'		'1|'
+testcase 'shift $#; set -- "${*%Q}"'		'1|'
+testcase 'shift $#; set -- "${*%%Q}"'		'1|'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${*#Q}"'		'1| R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${*##Q}"'		'1| R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${*%R}"'		'1|Q '
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${*%%R}"'		'1|Q '
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${*#S}"'		'1|Q R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${*##S}"'		'1|Q R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${*%S}"'		'1|Q R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${*%%S}"'		'1|Q R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${*#Q}'		'1|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${*##Q}'		'1|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${*%R}'		'1|Q'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${*%%R}'		'1|Q'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${*#S}'		'2|Q|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${*##S}'		'2|Q|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${*%S}'		'2|Q|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${*%%S}'		'2|Q|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${@#Q}'		'1|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${@##Q}'		'1|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${@%R}'		'1|Q'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${@%%R}'		'1|Q'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${@#S}'		'2|Q|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${@##S}'		'2|Q|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${@%S}'		'2|Q|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- ${@%%S}'		'2|Q|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${@#Q}"'		'2||R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${@%R}"'		'2|Q|'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${@%%R}"'		'2|Q|'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${@#S}"'		'2|Q|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${@##S}"'		'2|Q|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${@%S}"'		'2|Q|R'
+testcase 'set -- Q R; set -- "${@%%S}"'		'2|Q|R'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/functional_test.sh b/bin/cash/tests/functional_test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..5237dcb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/functional_test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#
+# Copyright 2014 EMC Corp.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+#   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+#   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/functional_test.sh 270101 2014-08-17 14:26:12Z jilles $
+
+SRCDIR=$(atf_get_srcdir)
+
+check()
+{
+	local tc=${1}; shift
+
+	export SH=$(atf_config_get bin.sh.test_shell /bin/sh)
+
+	local err_file="${SRCDIR}/${tc}.stderr"
+	[ -f "${err_file}" ] && err_flag="-e file:${err_file}"
+	local out_file="${SRCDIR}/${tc}.stdout"
+	[ -f "${out_file}" ] && out_flag="-o file:${out_file}"
+
+	atf_check -s exit:${tc##*.} ${err_flag} ${out_flag} ${SH} "${SRCDIR}/${tc}"
+}
+
+add_testcase()
+{
+	local tc=${1}
+	local tc_escaped word
+
+	case "${tc%.*}" in
+	*-*)
+		local IFS="-"
+		for word in ${tc%.*}; do
+			tc_escaped="${tc_escaped:+${tc_escaped}_}${word}"
+		done
+		;;
+	*)
+		tc_escaped=${tc%.*}
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	atf_test_case ${tc_escaped}
+	eval "${tc_escaped}_body() { check ${tc}; }"
+	atf_add_test_case ${tc_escaped}
+}
+
+atf_init_test_cases()
+{
+	for path in $(find -Es "${SRCDIR}" -regex '.*\.[0-9]+$'); do
+		add_testcase ${path##*/}
+	done
+}
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/invocation/Makefile b/bin/cash/tests/invocation/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba80f792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/invocation/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/invocation/Makefile 322455 2017-08-13 14:36:10Z jilles $
+
+PACKAGE=	tests
+
+TESTSDIR=	${TESTSBASE}/bin/sh/${.CURDIR:T}
+
+.PATH: ${.CURDIR:H}
+ATF_TESTS_SH=	functional_test
+
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	sh-ac1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	sh-c-missing1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	sh-c1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	sh-ca1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	sh-fca1.0
+
+.include <bsd.test.mk>
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-ac1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-ac1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..43c0f65b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-ac1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/invocation/sh-ac1.0 322438 2017-08-12 19:17:48Z jilles $
+# Test that attached options before c are processed
+
+case `${SH} -ac 'echo $-:$0' moo` in
+*a*:moo) true ;;
+*) false ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-c-missing1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-c-missing1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a712b61f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-c-missing1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/invocation/sh-c-missing1.0 322455 2017-08-13 14:36:10Z jilles $
+
+! echo echo bad | ${SH} -c 2>/dev/null
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-c1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-c1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66abdc94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-c1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/invocation/sh-c1.0 322438 2017-08-12 19:17:48Z jilles $
+# Test that -c executes command_string with the given name and arg
+
+${SH} -c 'echo $0 $@' moo foo | grep -qx -- "moo foo"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-ca1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-ca1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da3b85ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-ca1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/invocation/sh-ca1.0 322438 2017-08-12 19:17:48Z jilles $
+# Test that attached options after c are processed
+
+case `${SH} -ca 'echo $-:$0' moo` in
+*a*:moo) true ;;
+*) false ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-fca1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-fca1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fab01f7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/invocation/sh-fca1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/invocation/sh-fca1.0 322438 2017-08-12 19:17:48Z jilles $
+# Test that attached options before and after c are processed
+
+case `${SH} -fca 'echo $-:$-:$0:$@' foo -bar` in
+*f*:*a*:foo:-bar) true ;;
+*) false ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/Makefile b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b5d5edab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/Makefile 306843 2016-10-08 13:40:12Z jilles $
+
+PACKAGE=	tests
+
+TESTSDIR=	${TESTSBASE}/bin/sh/${.CURDIR:T}
+
+.PATH: ${.CURDIR:H}
+ATF_TESTS_SH=	functional_test
+
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	env1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	exitstatus1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	ifs1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	mail1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	mail2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	optind1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	optind2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	positional1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	positional2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	positional3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	positional4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	positional5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	positional6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	positional7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	positional8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	positional9.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	pwd1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	pwd2.0
+
+.include <bsd.test.mk>
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/env1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/env1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b5891b61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/env1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/env1.0 222957 2011-06-10 22:42:00Z jilles $
+
+export key='must contain this'
+unset x
+r=$(ENV="\${x?\$key}" ${SH} -i +m 2>&1 >/dev/null <<\EOF
+exit 0
+EOF
+) && case $r in
+*"$key"*) true ;;
+*) false ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/exitstatus1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/exitstatus1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e9e0823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/exitstatus1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/exitstatus1.0 185232 2008-11-23 20:27:03Z stefanf $
+f() {
+	[ $? = $1 ] || exit 1
+}
+
+true
+f 0
+false
+f 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/ifs1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/ifs1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..231cf2b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/ifs1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/ifs1.0 306843 2016-10-08 13:40:12Z jilles $
+
+env IFS=_ ${SH} -c '
+rc=2
+nosuchtool_function() {
+	rc=0
+}
+v=nosuchtool_function
+$v && exit "$rc"
+'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/mail1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/mail1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84636293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/mail1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/mail1.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+# Test that a non-interactive shell does not access $MAIL.
+
+goodfile=/var/empty/sh-test-goodfile
+mailfile=/var/empty/sh-test-mailfile
+T=$(mktemp sh-test.XXXXXX) || exit
+MAIL=$mailfile ktrace -i -f "$T" ${SH} -c "[ -s $goodfile ]" 2>/dev/null
+if ! grep -q $goodfile "$T"; then
+	# ktrace problem
+	rc=0
+elif ! grep -q $mailfile "$T"; then
+	rc=0
+fi
+rm "$T"
+exit ${rc:-3}
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/mail2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/mail2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07d9c882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/mail2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/mail2.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+# Test that an interactive shell accesses $MAIL.
+
+goodfile=/var/empty/sh-test-goodfile
+mailfile=/var/empty/sh-test-mailfile
+T=$(mktemp sh-test.XXXXXX) || exit
+ENV=$goodfile MAIL=$mailfile ktrace -i -f "$T" ${SH} +m -i </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1
+if ! grep -q $goodfile "$T"; then
+	# ktrace problem
+	rc=0
+elif grep -q $mailfile "$T"; then
+	rc=0
+fi
+rm "$T"
+exit ${rc:-3}
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/optind1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/optind1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b5499bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/optind1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/optind1.0 227773 2011-11-20 21:48:50Z jilles $
+
+unset OPTIND && [ -z "$OPTIND" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/optind2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/optind2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..699b2814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/optind2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/optind2.0 259846 2013-12-24 22:38:24Z jilles $
+
+[ "$(OPTIND=42 ${SH} -c 'printf %s "$OPTIND"')" = 1 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f1cf7a04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/positional1.0 222158 2011-05-21 14:52:26Z jilles $
+
+set -- a b c d e f g h i j
+[ "$1" = a ] || echo "error at line $LINENO"
+[ "${1}" = a ] || echo "error at line $LINENO"
+[ "${1-foo}" = a ] || echo "error at line $LINENO"
+[ "${1+foo}" = foo ] || echo "error at line $LINENO"
+[ "$1+foo" = a+foo ] || echo "error at line $LINENO"
+[ "$10" = a0 ] || echo "error at line $LINENO"
+[ "$100" = a00 ] || echo "error at line $LINENO"
+[ "${10}" = j ] || echo "error at line $LINENO"
+[ "${10-foo}" = j ] || echo "error at line $LINENO"
+[ "${100-foo}" = foo ] || echo "error at line $LINENO"
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..51c9b566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/positional2.0 228873 2011-12-25 13:24:48Z jilles $
+
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- p$@q'		'2|pa|bq'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- $@q'		'2|a|bq'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- p$@'		'2|pa|b'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- p$@q'		'2|pa|bq'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- $@q'		'2|a|bq'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- p$@'		'2|pa|b'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- p$*q'		'2|pa|bq'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- $*q'		'2|a|bq'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- p$*'		'2|pa|b'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- p$*q'		'2|pa|bq'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- $*q'		'2|a|bq'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- p$*'		'2|pa|b'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- "p$@q"'		'2|pa|bq'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- "$@q"'		'2|a|bq'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- "p$@"'		'2|pa|b'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- p"$@"q'		'2|pa|bq'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- "$@"q'		'2|a|bq'
+testcase 'set -- a b; set -- p"$@"'		'2|pa|b'
+testcase 'set -- "" a b; set -- "p$@q"'		'3|p|a|bq'
+testcase 'set -- "" a b; set -- "$@q"'		'3||a|bq'
+testcase 'set -- "" a b; set -- "p$@"'		'3|p|a|b'
+testcase 'set -- "" a b; set -- p"$@"q'		'3|p|a|bq'
+testcase 'set -- "" a b; set -- "$@"q'		'3||a|bq'
+testcase 'set -- "" a b; set -- p"$@"'		'3|p|a|b'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- p$@q'		'1|paq'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- $@q'			'1|aq'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- p$@'			'1|pa'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- p$@q'		'1|paq'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- $@q'			'1|aq'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- p$@'			'1|pa'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- p$*q'		'1|paq'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- $*q'			'1|aq'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- p$*'			'1|pa'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- p$*q'		'1|paq'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- $*q'			'1|aq'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- p$*'			'1|pa'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- "p$@q"'		'1|paq'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- "$@q"'		'1|aq'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- "p$@"'		'1|pa'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- p"$@"q'		'1|paq'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- "$@"q'		'1|aq'
+testcase 'set -- a; set -- p"$@"'		'1|pa'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7baccacb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/positional3.0 268436 2014-07-08 22:04:44Z jilles $
+
+r=$(${SH} -c 'echo ${01:+yes}${010:+yes}' '' a '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' b)
+[ "$r" = yesyes ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..23e6222c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/positional4.0 268568 2014-07-12 10:27:30Z jilles $
+
+set -- "x$0" 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "y$0"
+[ "${01}.${010}" = "$1.${10}" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..434a63f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/positional5.0 268576 2014-07-12 21:54:11Z jilles $
+
+i=1
+r=0
+while [ $i -lt $((0x100000000)) ]; do
+	t=
+	eval t=\${$i-x}
+	case $t in
+	x) ;;
+	*) echo "Problem with \${$i}" >&2; r=1 ;;
+	esac
+	i=$((i + 0x10000000))
+done
+exit $r
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ee0a53a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/positional6.0 273802 2014-10-28 22:14:31Z jilles $
+
+IFS=?
+set p r
+v=pqrs
+r=${v#"$*"}
+[ "$r" = pqrs ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9db462b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/positional7.0 273802 2014-10-28 22:14:31Z jilles $
+
+set -- / ''
+IFS=*
+set -- "$*"
+IFS=:
+args="$*"
+[ "$#:$args" = "1:/*" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e04ec7c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/positional8.0 291025 2015-11-18 21:09:03Z jilles $
+
+failures=''
+ok=''
+
+testcase() {
+	code="$1"
+	expected="$2"
+	oIFS="$IFS"
+	eval "$code"
+	IFS='|'
+	result="$#|$*"
+	IFS="$oIFS"
+	if [ "x$result" = "x$expected" ]; then
+		ok=x$ok
+	else
+		failures=x$failures
+		echo "For $code, expected $expected actual $result"
+	fi
+}
+
+testcase 'shift $#; set -- ""$*'		'1|'
+testcase 'shift $#; set -- $*""'		'1|'
+testcase 'shift $#; set -- ""$@'		'1|'
+testcase 'shift $#; set -- $@""'		'1|'
+testcase 'shift $#; set -- """$*"'		'1|'
+testcase 'shift $#; set -- "$*"""'		'1|'
+testcase 'shift $#; set -- """$@"'		'1|'
+testcase 'shift $#; set -- "$@"""'		'1|'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7bf09241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/positional9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/positional9.0 291903 2015-12-06 14:09:31Z jilles $
+# Although POSIX leaves the result of expanding ${#@} and ${#*} unspecified,
+# make sure it is at least numeric.
+
+set -- bb cc ddd
+set -f
+lengths=${#*}${#@}"${#*}${#@}"$(echo ${#*}${#@}"${#*}${#@}")
+IFS=
+lengths=$lengths${#*}${#@}"${#*}${#@}"$(echo ${#*}${#@}"${#*}${#@}")
+case $lengths in
+*[!0-9]*)
+	printf 'bad: %s\n' "$lengths"
+	exit 3 ;;
+????????????????*) ;;
+*)
+	printf 'too short: %s\n' "$lengths"
+	exit 3 ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/pwd1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/pwd1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d06238f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/pwd1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/pwd1.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+# Check that bogus PWD values are not accepted from the environment.
+
+cd / || exit 3
+failures=0
+[ "$(PWD=foo ${SH} -c 'pwd')" = / ] || : $((failures += 1))
+[ "$(PWD=/var/empty ${SH} -c 'pwd')" = / ] || : $((failures += 1))
+[ "$(PWD=/var/empty/foo ${SH} -c 'pwd')" = / ] || : $((failures += 1))
+[ "$(PWD=/bin/ls ${SH} -c 'pwd')" = / ] || : $((failures += 1))
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parameters/pwd2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/pwd2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..29ffab46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parameters/pwd2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parameters/pwd2.0 213738 2010-10-12 18:20:38Z obrien $
+# Check that PWD is exported and accepted from the environment.
+set -e
+
+T=$(mktemp -d ${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXX)
+trap 'rm -rf $T' 0
+cd -P $T
+TP=$(pwd)
+mkdir test1
+ln -s test1 link
+cd link
+[ "$PWD" = "$TP/link" ]
+[ "$(pwd)" = "$TP/link" ]
+[ "$(pwd -P)" = "$TP/test1" ]
+[ "$(${SH} -c pwd)" = "$TP/link" ]
+[ "$(${SH} -c pwd\ -P)" = "$TP/test1" ]
+cd ..
+[ "$(pwd)" = "$TP" ]
+cd -P link
+[ "$PWD" = "$TP/test1" ]
+[ "$(pwd)" = "$TP/test1" ]
+[ "$(pwd -P)" = "$TP/test1" ]
+[ "$(${SH} -c pwd)" = "$TP/test1" ]
+[ "$(${SH} -c pwd\ -P)" = "$TP/test1" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/Makefile b/bin/cash/tests/parser/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97c5d5a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/Makefile 333507 2018-05-11 21:56:01Z jilles $
+
+PACKAGE=	tests
+
+TESTSDIR=	${TESTSBASE}/bin/sh/${.CURDIR:T}
+
+.PATH: ${.CURDIR:H}
+ATF_TESTS_SH=	functional_test
+
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias9.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias10.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias11.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias12.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias13.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias14.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias15.0 alias15.0.stdout
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias16.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias17.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	alias18.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	and-pipe-not.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	case1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	case2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	comment1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	comment2.42
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	dollar-quote1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	dollar-quote2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	dollar-quote3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	dollar-quote4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	dollar-quote5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	dollar-quote6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	dollar-quote7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	dollar-quote8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	dollar-quote9.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	dollar-quote10.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	dollar-quote11.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	dollar-quote12.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	dollar-quote13.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	empty-braces1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	empty-cmd1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	for1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	for2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	func1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	func2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	func3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc9.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc10.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc11.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc12.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	heredoc13.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	line-cont1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	line-cont2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	line-cont3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	line-cont4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	line-cont5.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	line-cont6.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	line-cont7.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	line-cont8.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	line-cont9.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	line-cont10.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	line-cont11.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	line-cont12.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	no-space1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	no-space2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	nul1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	only-redir1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	only-redir2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	only-redir3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	only-redir4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	pipe-not1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	set-v1.0 set-v1.0.stderr
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	var-assign1.0
+
+.include <bsd.test.mk>
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8336157a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias1.0 214280 2010-10-24 16:55:17Z jilles $
+
+alias alias0=exit
+eval 'alias0 0'
+exit 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias10.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias10.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..48fb6e01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias10.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias10.0 243252 2012-11-18 23:15:22Z jilles $
+
+# This test may start consuming memory indefinitely if it fails.
+ulimit -t 5 2>/dev/null
+ulimit -v 100000 2>/dev/null
+
+alias echo='echo'
+alias echo='echo'
+[ "`eval echo b`" = b ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias11.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias11.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a282e41b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias11.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias11.0 261141 2014-01-24 23:00:35Z jilles $
+
+alias alias0=alias1
+alias alias1=exit
+eval 'alias0 0'
+exit 3
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias12.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias12.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0388261c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias12.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias12.0 261160 2014-01-25 14:59:08Z jilles $
+
+unalias -a
+alias alias0=command
+alias true='echo bad'
+eval 'alias0 true'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias13.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias13.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c10555a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias13.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias13.0 261160 2014-01-25 14:59:08Z jilles $
+
+unalias -a
+alias command=command
+alias true='echo bad'
+eval 'command true'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias14.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias14.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e9d48e0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias14.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias14.0 261192 2014-01-26 21:19:33Z jilles $
+
+alias command='command '
+alias alias0=exit
+eval 'command alias0 0'
+exit 3
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias15.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias15.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ae7af187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias15.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias15.0 261192 2014-01-26 21:19:33Z jilles $
+
+f_echoanddo() {
+	printf '%s\n' "$*"
+	"$@"
+}
+
+alias echoanddo='f_echoanddo '
+alias alias0='echo test2'
+eval 'echoanddo echo test1'
+eval 'echoanddo alias0'
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias15.0.stdout b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias15.0.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6dd179c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias15.0.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+echo test1
+test1
+echo test2
+test2
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias16.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias16.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb3835c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias16.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias16.0 316646 2017-04-08 21:57:59Z jilles $
+
+v=1
+alias a='unalias a
+v=2'
+eval a
+[ "$v" = 2 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias17.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias17.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b5a32c56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias17.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias17.0 317037 2017-04-16 21:42:43Z jilles $
+
+v=1
+alias a='unalias -a
+v=2'
+eval a
+[ "$v" = 2 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias18.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias18.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..48e54029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias18.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias18.0 317039 2017-04-16 22:10:02Z jilles $
+
+v=1
+alias a='alias a=v=2
+v=3
+a'
+eval a
+[ "$v" = 2 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5cedc261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias2.0 214280 2010-10-24 16:55:17Z jilles $
+
+alias alias0=exit
+x=alias0
+eval 'case $x in alias0) exit 0;; esac'
+exit 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf737545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias3.0 214709 2010-11-02 23:44:29Z jilles $
+
+alias alias0=exit
+x=alias0
+eval 'case $x in "alias0") alias0 0;; esac'
+exit 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fa018060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias4.0 222165 2011-05-21 22:03:06Z jilles $
+
+alias alias0=exit
+eval 'x=1 alias0 0'
+exit 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..25257456
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias5.0 222165 2011-05-21 22:03:06Z jilles $
+
+alias alias0=exit
+eval '</dev/null alias0 0'
+exit 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8c85227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias6.0 224104 2011-07-16 16:14:14Z jilles $
+
+alias alias0='| cat >/dev/null'
+
+eval '{ echo bad; } alias0'
+eval '(echo bad)alias0'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..47fcfb50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias7.0 240825 2012-09-22 12:52:41Z jilles $
+
+alias echo='echo a'
+[ "`eval echo b`" = "a b" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8b01bcec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias8.0 240825 2012-09-22 12:52:41Z jilles $
+
+alias echo='echo'
+[ "`eval echo b`" = b ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87c55928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/alias9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/alias9.0 242721 2012-11-07 23:15:36Z jilles $
+
+alias alias0=:
+alias alias0=exit
+eval 'alias0 0'
+exit 1
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/and-pipe-not.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/and-pipe-not.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b2345ced
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/and-pipe-not.0
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/and-pipe-not.0 191010 2009-04-13 19:12:28Z stefanf $
+true && ! true | false
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/case1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/case1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9407b9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/case1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/case1.0 207824 2010-05-09 17:10:50Z jilles $
+
+keywords='if then else elif fi while until for do done { } case esac ! in'
+
+# Keywords can be used unquoted in case statements, except the keyword
+# esac as the first pattern of a '|' alternation without a starting '('.
+# (POSIX doesn't seem to require (esac) to work.)
+for k in $keywords; do
+	eval "case $k in (foo|$k) ;; *) echo bad ;; esac"
+	eval "case $k in ($k) ;; *) echo bad ;; esac"
+	eval "case $k in foo|$k) ;; *) echo bad ;; esac"
+	[ "$k" = esac ] && continue
+	eval "case $k in $k) ;; *) echo bad ;; esac"
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/case2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/case2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef58d3ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/case2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/case2.0 207824 2010-05-09 17:10:50Z jilles $
+
+# Pretty much only ash derivatives can parse all of this.
+
+f1() {
+	x=$(case x in
+		(x|esac) ;;
+		(*) echo bad >&2 ;;
+	esac)
+}
+f1
+f2() {
+	x=$(case x in
+		(x|esac) ;;
+		(*) echo bad >&2
+	esac)
+}
+f2
+f3() {
+	x=$(case x in
+		x|esac) ;;
+		*) echo bad >&2 ;;
+	esac)
+}
+f3
+f4() {
+	x=$(case x in
+		x|esac) ;;
+		*) echo bad >&2
+	esac)
+}
+f4
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/comment1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/comment1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..002ae8d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/comment1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/comment1.0 295818 2016-02-19 16:56:07Z jilles $
+
+${SH} -c '#'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/comment2.42 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/comment2.42
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..37ac2f62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/comment2.42
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/comment2.42 295818 2016-02-19 16:56:07Z jilles $
+
+${SH} -c '#
+exit 42'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12061417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD$
+
+set -e
+
+[ $'hi' = hi ]
+[ $'hi
+there' = 'hi
+there' ]
+[ $'\"\'\\\a\b\f\t\v' = "\"'\\$(printf "\a\b\f\t\v")" ]
+[ $'hi\nthere' = 'hi
+there' ]
+[ $'a\rb' = "$(printf "a\rb")" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote10.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote10.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44fa741d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote10.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/dollar-quote10.0 221669 2011-05-08 17:40:10Z jilles $
+
+# a umlaut
+s=$(printf '\303\244')
+# euro sign
+s=$s$(printf '\342\202\254')
+
+# Start a new shell so the locale change is picked up.
+ss="$(LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 ${SH} -c "printf %s \$'\u00e4\u20ac'")"
+[ "$s" = "$ss" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote11.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote11.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9350515a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote11.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/dollar-quote11.0 221669 2011-05-08 17:40:10Z jilles $
+
+# some sort of 't' outside BMP
+s=$s$(printf '\360\235\225\245')
+
+# Start a new shell so the locale change is picked up.
+ss="$(LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 ${SH} -c "printf %s \$'\U0001d565'")"
+[ "$s" = "$ss" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote12.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote12.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..844c5664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote12.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/dollar-quote12.0 286971 2015-08-20 21:31:36Z jilles $
+
+# \u without any digits at all remains invalid.
+# Our choice is a parse error.
+
+v=$( (eval ": \$'\u'") 2>&1 >/dev/null)
+[ $? -ne 0 ] && [ -n "$v" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote13.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote13.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b13383c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote13.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/dollar-quote13.0 286973 2015-08-20 22:05:55Z jilles $
+
+# This Unicode escape sequence that has never been in range should either
+# fail to expand or expand to a fallback.
+
+c=$(eval printf %s \$\'\\Uffffff41\' 2>/dev/null)
+r=$(($? != 0))
+[ "$r.$c" = '1.' ] || [ "$r.$c" = '0.?' ] || [ "$r.$c" = $'0.\u2222' ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4617ed8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD$
+
+# This depends on the ASCII character set.
+
+[ $'\e' = "$(printf "\033")" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a7e68527
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# $FreeBSD$
+
+unset LC_ALL
+LC_CTYPE=en_US.ISO8859-1
+export LC_CTYPE
+
+e=
+for i in 0 1 2 3; do
+	for j in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
+		for k in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
+			case $i$j$k in
+			000) continue ;;
+			esac
+			e="$e\\$i$j$k"
+		done
+	done
+done
+ee=`printf "$e"`
+[ "${#ee}" = 255 ] || echo length bad
+
+# Start a new shell so the locale change is picked up.
+[ "$(${SH} -c "printf %s \$'$e'")" = "$ee" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f620af5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# $FreeBSD$
+
+unset LC_ALL
+LC_CTYPE=en_US.ISO8859-1
+export LC_CTYPE
+
+e=
+for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f; do
+	for j in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f; do
+		case $i$j in
+		00) continue ;;
+		esac
+		e="$e\x$i$j"
+	done
+done
+
+# Start a new shell so the locale change is picked up.
+ee="$(${SH} -c "printf %s \$'$e'")"
+[ "${#ee}" = 255 ] || echo length bad
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2c44ca6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD$
+
+# This depends on the ASCII character set.
+
+set -e
+
+[ $'\ca\cb\cc\cd\ce\cf\cg\ch\ci\cj\ck\cl\cm\cn\co\cp\cq\cr\cs\ct\cu\cv\cw\cx\cy\cz' = $'\001\002\003\004\005\006\007\010\011\012\013\014\015\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027\030\031\032' ]
+[ $'\cA\cB\cC\cD\cE\cF\cG\cH\cI\cJ\cK\cL\cM\cN\cO\cP\cQ\cR\cS\cT\cU\cV\cW\cX\cY\cZ' = $'\001\002\003\004\005\006\007\010\011\012\013\014\015\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027\030\031\032' ]
+[ $'\c[' = $'\033' ]
+[ $'\c]' = $'\035' ]
+[ $'\c^' = $'\036' ]
+[ $'\c_' = $'\037' ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a4b1e3f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD$
+
+# This depends on the ASCII character set.
+
+[ $'\c\\' = $'\034' ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c866b1af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD$
+
+set -e
+
+[ $'\u0024\u0040\u0060' = '$@`' ]
+[ $'\U00000024\U00000040\U00000060' = '$@`' ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8f0b41a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# $FreeBSD$
+
+[ $'hello\0' = hello ]
+[ $'hello\0world' = hello ]
+[ $'hello\0'$'world' = helloworld ]
+[ $'hello\000' = hello ]
+[ $'hello\000world' = hello ]
+[ $'hello\000'$'world' = helloworld ]
+[ $'hello\x00' = hello ]
+[ $'hello\x00world' = hello ]
+[ $'hello\x00'$'world' = helloworld ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..df64b7df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/dollar-quote9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD$
+
+# POSIX and C99 say D800-DFFF are undefined in a universal character name.
+# We reject this but many other shells expand to something that looks like
+# CESU-8.
+
+v=$( (eval ": \$'\uD800'") 2>&1 >/dev/null)
+[ $? -ne 0 ] && [ -n "$v" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/empty-braces1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/empty-braces1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..325f16b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/empty-braces1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/empty-braces1.0 245382 2013-01-13 19:26:33Z jilles $
+
+# Unfortunately, some scripts depend on the extension of allowing an empty
+# pair of braces.
+
+{ } &
+wait $!
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/empty-cmd1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/empty-cmd1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..983837fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/empty-cmd1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/empty-cmd1.0 254843 2013-08-25 10:57:48Z jilles $
+
+! (eval ': || f()') 2>/dev/null
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/for1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/for1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2fc8975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/for1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/for1.0 218889 2011-02-20 14:18:58Z jilles $
+
+nl='
+'
+list=' a b c'
+for s1 in "$nl" " "; do
+	for s2 in "$nl" ";" ";$nl"; do
+		for s3 in "$nl" " "; do
+			r=''
+			eval "for i${s1}in ${list}${s2}do${s3}r=\"\$r \$i\"; done"
+			[ "$r" = "$list" ] || exit 1
+		done
+	done
+done
+set -- $list
+for s2 in "$nl" " "; do
+	for s3 in "$nl" " "; do
+		r=''
+		eval "for i${s2}do${s3}r=\"\$r \$i\"; done"
+		[ "$r" = "$list" ] || exit 1
+	done
+done
+for s1 in "$nl" " "; do
+	for s2 in "$nl" ";" ";$nl"; do
+		for s3 in "$nl" " "; do
+			eval "for i${s1}in${s2}do${s3}exit 1; done"
+		done
+	done
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/for2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/for2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..475490dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/for2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/for2.0 218889 2011-02-20 14:18:58Z jilles $
+
+# Common extensions to the 'for' syntax.
+
+nl='
+'
+list=' a b c'
+set -- $list
+for s2 in ";" ";$nl"; do
+	for s3 in "$nl" " "; do
+		r=''
+		eval "for i${s2}do${s3}r=\"\$r \$i\"; done"
+		[ "$r" = "$list" ] || exit 1
+	done
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/func1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/func1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dac9cd9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/func1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/func1.0 214291 2010-10-24 20:45:13Z jilles $
+# POSIX does not require these bytes to work in function names,
+# but making them all work seems a good goal.
+
+failures=0
+unset LC_ALL
+export LC_CTYPE=en_US.ISO8859-1
+i=128
+set -f
+while [ "$i" -le 255 ]; do
+	c=$(printf \\"$(printf %o "$i")")
+	ok=0
+	eval "$c() { ok=1; }"
+	$c
+	ok1=$ok
+	ok=0
+	"$c"
+	if [ "$ok" != 1 ] || [ "$ok1" != 1 ]; then
+		echo "Bad results for character $i" >&2
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+	unset -f $c
+	i=$((i+1))
+done
+exit $((failures > 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/func2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/func2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..93f29b2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/func2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/func2.0 222512 2011-05-30 21:49:59Z jilles $
+
+f() { return 42; }
+f() { return 3; } &
+f
+[ $? -eq 42 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/func3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/func3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1a73e21b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/func3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/func3.0 222512 2011-05-30 21:49:59Z jilles $
+
+name=/var/empty/nosuch
+f() { true; } <$name
+name=/dev/null
+f
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..918614bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/heredoc1.0 204836 2010-03-07 15:08:42Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+hi
+EOF
+)" = hi'
+
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+${$+hi}
+EOF
+)" = hi'
+
+unset yy
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+${yy-hi}
+EOF
+)" = hi'
+
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+${$+hi
+there}
+EOF
+)" = "hi
+there"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+$((1+1))
+EOF
+)" = 2'
+
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+$(echo hi)
+EOF
+)" = hi'
+
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+`echo hi`
+EOF
+)" = hi'
+
+check '"$(cat <<\EOF
+${$+hi}
+EOF
+)" = "\${\$+hi}"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<\EOF
+$(
+EOF
+)" = \$\('
+
+check '"$(cat <<\EOF
+`
+EOF
+)" = \`'
+
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+"
+EOF
+)" = \"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<\EOF
+"
+EOF
+)" = \"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<esac
+'"'"'
+esac
+)" = "'"'"'"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<\)
+'"'"'
+)
+)" = "'"'"'"'
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc10.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc10.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d458da27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc10.0
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/heredoc10.0 221887 2011-05-14 14:19:30Z jilles $
+
+# It may be argued that
+#   x=$(cat <<EOF
+#   foo
+#   EOF)
+# is a valid complete command that sets x to foo, because
+#   cat <<EOF
+#   foo
+#   EOF
+# is a valid script even without the final newline.
+# However, if the here-document is not within a new-style command substitution
+# or there are other constructs nested inside the command substitution that
+# need terminators, the delimiter at the start of a line followed by a close
+# parenthesis is clearly a literal part of the here-document.
+
+# This file contains tests that may not work with simplistic $(...) parsers.
+# The open parentheses in comments help mksh, but not zsh.
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+check '"$(cat <<EOF # (
+EOF )
+EOF
+)" = "EOF )"'
+
+check '"$({ cat <<EOF # (
+EOF)
+EOF
+})" = "EOF)"'
+
+check '"$(if :; then cat <<EOF # (
+EOF)
+EOF
+fi)" = "EOF)"'
+
+check '"$( (cat <<EOF # (
+EOF)
+EOF
+))" = "EOF)"'
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc11.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc11.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6b8fa1a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc11.0
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/heredoc11.0 222134 2011-05-20 16:03:36Z jilles $
+
+failures=''
+
+check() {
+	if eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		:
+	else
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		failures=x$failures
+	fi
+}
+
+check '`cat <<EOF
+foo
+EOF` = foo'
+
+check '"`cat <<EOF
+foo
+EOF`" = foo'
+
+check '`eval "cat <<EOF
+foo
+EOF"` = foo'
+
+test "x$failures" = x
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc12.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc12.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..80714390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc12.0
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/heredoc12.0 271593 2014-09-14 16:46:30Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+longmark=`printf %01000d 4`
+longmarkstripped=`printf %0999d 0`
+
+check '"$(cat <<'"$longmark
+$longmark"'
+echo yes)" = "yes"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<\'"$longmark
+$longmark"'
+echo yes)" = "yes"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<'"$longmark
+yes
+$longmark"'
+)" = "yes"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<\'"$longmark
+yes
+$longmark"'
+)" = "yes"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<'"$longmark
+$longmarkstripped
+$longmark.
+$longmark"'
+)" = "'"$longmarkstripped
+$longmark."'"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<\'"$longmark
+$longmarkstripped
+$longmark.
+$longmark"'
+)" = "'"$longmarkstripped
+$longmark."'"'
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc13.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc13.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11a7182d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc13.0
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/heredoc13.0 287408 2015-09-02 19:49:55Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+check '"$(cat <<""
+
+echo yes)" = "yes"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<""
+yes
+
+)" = "yes"'
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e910ba27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/heredoc2.0 211405 2010-08-16 21:14:49Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+s='ast*que?non' sq=\' dq=\"
+
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+${s}
+EOF
+)" = "ast*que?non"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+${s+'$sq'x'$sq'}
+EOF
+)" = ${sq}x${sq}'
+
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+${s#ast}
+EOF
+)" = "*que?non"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+${s##"ast"}
+EOF
+)" = "*que?non"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+${s##'$sq'ast'$sq'}
+EOF
+)" = "*que?non"'
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb59c2f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/heredoc3.0 207824 2010-05-09 17:10:50Z jilles $
+
+# This may be expected to work, but pretty much only ash derivatives allow it.
+
+test "$(cat <<EOF)" = "hi there"
+hi there
+EOF
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c559c914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/heredoc4.0 208655 2010-05-30 14:11:27Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+f() {
+	cat <<EOF && echo `echo bar`
+foo
+EOF
+}
+check '"`f`" = "foo
+bar"'
+
+f() {
+	cat <<EOF && echo $(echo bar)
+foo
+EOF
+}
+check '"$(f)" = "foo
+bar"'
+
+f() {
+	echo `echo bar` && cat <<EOF
+foo
+EOF
+}
+check '"`f`" = "bar
+foo"'
+
+f() {
+	echo $(echo bar) && cat <<EOF
+foo
+EOF
+}
+check '"$(f)" = "bar
+foo"'
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5043c3d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/heredoc5.0 208655 2010-05-30 14:11:27Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+f() {
+	cat <<EOF && echo `cat <<EOF
+bar
+EOF
+`
+foo
+EOF
+}
+check '"`f`" = "foo
+bar"'
+
+f() {
+	cat <<EOF && echo $(cat <<EOF
+bar
+EOF
+)
+foo
+EOF
+}
+check '"$(f)" = "foo
+bar"'
+
+f() {
+	echo `cat <<EOF
+bar
+EOF
+` && cat <<EOF
+foo
+EOF
+}
+check '"`f`" = "bar
+foo"'
+
+f() {
+	echo $(cat <<EOF
+bar
+EOF
+) && cat <<EOF
+foo
+EOF
+}
+check '"$(f)" = "bar
+foo"'
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..02bc0ce2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/heredoc6.0 208656 2010-05-30 14:20:32Z jilles $
+
+r=
+! command eval ": <<EOF; )" 2>/dev/null; command eval : hi \${r:=0}
+exit ${r:-3}
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99a8b8c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/heredoc7.0 210488 2010-07-25 22:25:52Z jilles $
+
+# Some of these created malformed parse trees with null pointers for here
+# documents, causing the here document writing process to segfault.
+eval ': <<EOF'
+eval ': <<EOF;'
+eval '`: <<EOF`'
+eval '`: <<EOF;`'
+eval '`: <<EOF`;'
+eval '`: <<EOF;`;'
+
+# Some of these created malformed parse trees with null pointers for here
+# documents, causing sh to segfault.
+eval ': <<\EOF'
+eval ': <<\EOF;'
+eval '`: <<\EOF`'
+eval '`: <<\EOF;`'
+eval '`: <<\EOF`;'
+eval '`: <<\EOF;`;'
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..54479fc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/heredoc8.0 211405 2010-08-16 21:14:49Z jilles $
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+s='ast*que?non' sq=\' dq=\"
+
+# This is possibly useful but differs from other shells.
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+${s+"x"}
+EOF
+)" = ${dq}x${dq}'
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..17247011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/heredoc9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/heredoc9.0 221887 2011-05-14 14:19:30Z jilles $
+
+# It may be argued that
+#   x=$(cat <<EOF
+#   foo
+#   EOF)
+# is a valid complete command that sets x to foo, because
+#   cat <<EOF
+#   foo
+#   EOF
+# is a valid script even without the final newline.
+# However, if the here-document is not within a new-style command substitution
+# or there are other constructs nested inside the command substitution that
+# need terminators, the delimiter at the start of a line followed by a close
+# parenthesis is clearly a literal part of the here-document.
+
+# This file contains tests that also work with simplistic $(...) parsers.
+
+failures=0
+
+check() {
+	if ! eval "[ $* ]"; then
+		echo "Failed: $*"
+		: $((failures += 1))
+	fi
+}
+
+check '`${SH} -c "cat <<EOF
+EOF)
+EOF
+"` = "EOF)"'
+
+check '`${SH} -c "(cat <<EOF
+EOF)
+EOF
+)"` = "EOF)"'
+
+check '"`cat <<EOF
+EOF x
+EOF
+`" = "EOF x"'
+
+check '"`cat <<EOF
+EOF )
+EOF
+`" = "EOF )"'
+
+check '"`cat <<EOF
+EOF)
+EOF
+`" = "EOF)"'
+
+check '"$(cat <<EOF
+EOF x
+EOF
+)" = "EOF x"'
+
+exit $((failures != 0))
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cab6a714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/line-cont1.0 273243 2014-10-17 21:52:57Z jilles $
+
+i\
+f
+t\
+r\
+u\
+e
+t\
+h\
+e\
+n
+:
+\
+f\
+i
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont10.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont10.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da081fd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont10.0
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/line-cont10.0 273276 2014-10-19 11:59:15Z jilles $
+
+v=XaaaXbbbX
+[ "${v\
+#\
+*\
+a}.${v\
+#\
+#\
+*\
+a}.${v\
+%\
+b\
+*}.${v\
+%\
+%\
+b\
+*}" = aaXbbbX.XbbbX.XaaaXbb.XaaaX ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont11.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont11.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dfddf01d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont11.0
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/line-cont11.0 273276 2014-10-19 11:59:15Z jilles $
+
+T=$(mktemp "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/sh-test.XXXXXXXX") || exit
+trap 'rm -f -- "$T"' 0
+w='#A'
+# A naive pgetc_linecont() would push back two characters here, which
+# fails if a new buffer is read between the two characters.
+c='${w#\#}'
+c=$c$c$c$c
+c=$c$c$c$c
+c=$c$c$c$c
+c=$c$c$c$c
+c=$c$c$c$c
+c=$c$c$c$c
+printf 'v=%s\n' "$c" >"$T"
+. "$T"
+if [ "${#v}" != 4096 ]; then
+	echo "Length is bad (${#v})"
+	exit 3
+fi
+case $v in
+*[!A]*) echo "Content is bad"; exit 3 ;;
+esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont12.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont12.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd456221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont12.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/line-cont12.0 333507 2018-05-11 21:56:01Z jilles $
+
+[ '\
+' = "\\
+" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7a21bcba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/line-cont2.0 273243 2014-10-17 21:52:57Z jilles $
+
+[ "a\
+b" = ab ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2147209d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/line-cont3.0 273243 2014-10-17 21:52:57Z jilles $
+
+v=`printf %s 'a\
+b'`
+w="`printf %s 'c\
+d'`"
+[ "$v$w" = abcd ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1795695e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/line-cont4.0 273276 2014-10-19 11:59:15Z jilles $
+
+v=abcd
+[ "$\
+v.$\
+{v}.${\
+v}.${v\
+}" = abcd.abcd.abcd.abcd ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont5.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont5.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..93a422b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont5.0
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/line-cont5.0 273276 2014-10-19 11:59:15Z jilles $
+
+bad=1
+case x in
+x\
+) ;\
+; *) exit 7
+esac &\
+& bad= &\
+& : >\
+>/dev/null
+
+false |\
+| [ -z "$bad" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont6.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont6.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f6ba749f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont6.0
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/line-cont6.0 273276 2014-10-19 11:59:15Z jilles $
+
+v0\
+=abc
+
+v=$(cat <\
+<\
+E\
+O\
+F
+${v0}d
+EOF
+)
+
+w=$(cat <\
+<\
+-\
+EOF
+	efgh
+EOF
+)
+
+[ "$v.$w" = "abcd.efgh" ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont7.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont7.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4efa6066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont7.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/line-cont7.0 273276 2014-10-19 11:59:15Z jilles $
+
+[ "$(\
+(
+1\
++ 1)\
+)" = 2 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont8.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont8.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..57cd0de7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont8.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/line-cont8.0 273276 2014-10-19 11:59:15Z jilles $
+
+set -- a b c d e f g h i j
+[ "${1\
+0\
+}" = j ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont9.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont9.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa76754f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/line-cont9.0
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/line-cont9.0 273276 2014-10-19 11:59:15Z jilles $
+
+[ "${$\
+:\
++\
+xyz}" = xyz ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/no-space1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/no-space1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e82425bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/no-space1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/no-space1.0 218891 2011-02-20 17:28:58Z jilles $
+
+# These are ugly but are required to work.
+
+set -e
+
+while(false)do(:)done
+if(false)then(:)fi
+if(false)then(:)else(:)fi
+(:&&:)||:
+until(:)do(:)done
+case x in(x);;*)exit 1;(:)esac
+case x in(x);;*)exit 1;;esac
+for i do(:)done
+{(:)}
+f(){(:)}
+:|:
+(:)|(:)
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/no-space2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/no-space2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c3d1cde7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/no-space2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/no-space2.0 218891 2011-02-20 17:28:58Z jilles $
+
+# This conflicts with ksh extended patterns but occurs in the wild.
+
+set -e
+
+!(false)
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/nul1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/nul1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e37dcb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/nul1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/nul1.0 295825 2016-02-19 21:53:12Z jilles $
+# Although POSIX does not specify the effect of NUL bytes in scripts,
+# we ignore them.
+
+{
+	printf 'v=%03000d\0%02000d' 7 2
+	dd if=/dev/zero bs=1000 count=1 status=none
+	printf '1 w=%03000d%02000d1\0\n' 7 2
+	printf '\0l\0v\0=\0$\0{\0#\0v\0}\n'
+	printf '\0l\0w\0=\0\0$\0{\0#\0w}\0\0\0\n'
+	printf '[ "$lv.$lw.$v" = "5001.5001.$w" ]\n'
+} | ${SH}
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3e876215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/only-redir1.0 210221 2010-07-18 12:45:31Z jilles $
+</dev/null &
+wait $!
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b53e14b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/only-redir2.0 254335 2013-08-14 19:34:13Z jilles $
+</dev/null | :
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7cf50d53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/only-redir3.0 254335 2013-08-14 19:34:13Z jilles $
+case x in x) </dev/null ;; esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..638c1918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/only-redir4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/only-redir4.0 254335 2013-08-14 19:34:13Z jilles $
+case x in x) </dev/null ;& esac
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/pipe-not1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/pipe-not1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..89f89dc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/pipe-not1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/pipe-not1.0 214281 2010-10-24 17:06:49Z jilles $
+
+: | ! : | false
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/set-v1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/set-v1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a17ca1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/set-v1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/set-v1.0 295937 2016-02-23 22:44:01Z jilles $
+
+${SH} <<\EOF
+echo one >&2
+set -v
+echo two >&2
+echo three >&2
+EOF
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/set-v1.0.stderr b/bin/cash/tests/parser/set-v1.0.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d904fa5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/set-v1.0.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+one
+echo two >&2
+two
+echo three >&2
+three
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/parser/var-assign1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/parser/var-assign1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44e0de10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/parser/var-assign1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/parser/var-assign1.0 257920 2013-11-10 18:46:59Z jilles $
+# In a variable assignment, both the name and the equals sign must be entirely
+# unquoted. Therefore, there is only one assignment below; the other words
+# containing equals signs are command words.
+
+abc=0
+\abc=1 2>/dev/null
+a\bc=2 2>/dev/null
+abc\=3 2>/dev/null
+a\bc\=4 2>/dev/null
+'abc'=5 2>/dev/null
+a'b'c=6 2>/dev/null
+abc'='7 2>/dev/null
+'abc=8' 2>/dev/null
+"abc"=9 2>/dev/null
+a"b"c=10 2>/dev/null
+abc"="11 2>/dev/null
+"abc=12" 2>/dev/null
+[ "$abc" = 0 ]
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/Makefile b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c684777e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/Makefile 299094 2016-05-04 23:20:53Z ngie $
+
+PACKAGE=	tests
+
+TESTSDIR=	${TESTSBASE}/bin/sh/${.CURDIR:T}
+
+.PATH: ${.CURDIR:H}
+ATF_TESTS_SH=	functional_test
+
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	and1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	and2.1
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	and3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	and4.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	background1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmd1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	cmd2.1
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	elif1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	elif2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	eval1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	eval2.1
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	for1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	func1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	func2.1
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	if1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	if2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	if3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	not1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	not2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	or1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	or2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	or3.1
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	pipe1.1
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	pipe2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	return1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	semi1.1
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	semi2.1
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	subshell1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	subshell2.1
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	until1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	until2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	until3.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	while1.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	while2.0
+${PACKAGE}FILES+=	while3.0
+
+.include <bsd.test.mk>
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/and1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/and1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..084f86c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/and1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/and1.0 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+true && true
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/and2.1 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/and2.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2687642e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/and2.1
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/and2.1 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+true && false
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/and3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/and3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5640de6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/and3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/and3.0 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+false && true
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/and4.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/and4.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b043af16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/and4.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/and4.0 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+false && false
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/background1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/background1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c547bfb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/background1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/background1.0 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+false &
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/cmd1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/cmd1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e49d7568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/cmd1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/cmd1.0 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+true
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/cmd2.1 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/cmd2.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a0f9ec7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/cmd2.1
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/cmd2.1 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+false
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/elif1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/elif1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2f2200d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/elif1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/elif1.0 211399 2010-08-16 17:18:08Z jilles $
+set -e
+if false; then
+	:
+elif false; then
+	:
+fi
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/elif2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/elif2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d53486d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/elif2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/elif2.0 211399 2010-08-16 17:18:08Z jilles $
+set -e
+if false; then
+	:
+elif false; false; then
+	:
+fi
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/eval1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/eval1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19585858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/eval1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/eval1.0 193178 2009-05-31 17:23:27Z stefanf $
+set -e
+eval false || true
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/eval2.1 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/eval2.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..207f1476
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/eval2.1
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/eval2.1 193178 2009-05-31 17:23:27Z stefanf $
+set -e
+eval false
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/for1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/for1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c76d03cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/for1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/for1.0 149791 2005-09-05 09:42:10Z stefanf $
+set -e
+f() {
+	for i in a b c; do
+		false
+		true
+	done
+}
+f || true
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/func1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/func1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70ec9ce6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/func1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/func1.0 149791 2005-09-05 09:42:10Z stefanf $
+set -e
+f() {
+	false
+	true
+}
+f || true
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/func2.1 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/func2.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f69dd197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/func2.1
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/func2.1 149791 2005-09-05 09:42:10Z stefanf $
+set -e
+f() {
+	false
+	exit 0
+}
+f
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/if1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/if1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c4627037
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/if1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/if1.0 211399 2010-08-16 17:18:08Z jilles $
+set -e
+if false; then
+	:
+fi
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/if2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/if2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..43df2e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/if2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/if2.0 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+# PR 28852
+if true; then
+	false && true
+fi
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/if3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/if3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ccac10c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/if3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/if3.0 211399 2010-08-16 17:18:08Z jilles $
+set -e
+if false; false; then
+	:
+fi
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/not1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/not1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4d62e373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/not1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/not1.0 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+! true
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/not2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/not2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf49130a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/not2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/not2.0 193178 2009-05-31 17:23:27Z stefanf $
+set -e
+! false
+! eval false
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/or1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/or1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e22f304f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/or1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/or1.0 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+true || false
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/or2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/or2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed4351d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/or2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/or2.0 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+false || true
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/or3.1 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/or3.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e23ae956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/or3.1
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/or3.1 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+false || false
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/pipe1.1 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/pipe1.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..304befef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/pipe1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/pipe1.1 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+true | false
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/pipe2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/pipe2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9e6f62b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/pipe2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/pipe2.0 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+false | true
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/return1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/return1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60e28147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/return1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/return1.0 149788 2005-09-04 21:29:09Z stefanf $
+set -e
+
+# PR 77067, 85267
+f() {
+	return 1
+	true
+}
+
+f || true
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/semi1.1 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/semi1.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..582f6562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/semi1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/semi1.1 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+false; true
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/semi2.1 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/semi2.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1fbad3b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/semi2.1
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/semi2.1 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+true; false
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/subshell1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/subshell1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6282da91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/subshell1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/subshell1.0 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+(true)
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/subshell2.1 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/subshell2.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a58d68e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/subshell2.1
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/subshell2.1 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+(false)
+exit 0
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/until1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/until1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a3423d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/until1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/until1.0 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+until false; do
+	break
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/until2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/until2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e4e2682f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/until2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/until2.0 149781 2005-09-04 11:59:59Z stefanf $
+set -e
+until false; false; do
+	break
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/until3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/until3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..28990ad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/until3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/until3.0 149791 2005-09-05 09:42:10Z stefanf $
+set -e
+f() {
+	until false; do
+		false
+		break
+	done
+}
+f || true
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/while1.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/while1.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..81874529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/while1.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/while1.0 211399 2010-08-16 17:18:08Z jilles $
+set -e
+while false; do
+	:
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/while2.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/while2.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66281fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/while2.0
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/while2.0 211399 2010-08-16 17:18:08Z jilles $
+set -e
+while false; false; do
+	:
+done
diff --git a/bin/cash/tests/set-e/while3.0 b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/while3.0
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b165ef56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/cash/tests/set-e/while3.0
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $FreeBSD: releng/12.0/bin/sh/tests/set-e/while3.0 149791 2005-09-05 09:42:10Z stefanf $
+set -e
+f() {
+	while true; do
+		false
+		break
+	done
+}
+f || true