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diff --git a/www/text.causal.agency/016-using-openbsd.7 b/www/text.causal.agency/016-using-openbsd.7 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b843e3c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/www/text.causal.agency/016-using-openbsd.7 @@ -0,0 +1,505 @@ +.Dd February 14, 2021 +.Dt USING-OPENBSD 7 +.Os "Causal Agency" +. +.Sh NAME +.Nm Using OpenBSD +.Nd for real +. +.Sh DESCRIPTION +Hello from +.Ox ! +After wishing one too many times +that I had a real BSD +on a physical machine, +I finally got around to +just installing one on my +mid-2014 MacBook Pro. +I hadn't done it sooner +because I didn't realize +how easy it would be. +It helped that I already had a +.Dq Boot Camp +partition with a disused Windows 8 install +that I could replace. +. +.Pp +I roughly followed an old jcs gist +along with the +.Ox +Disk Setup guide. +I'm once again happy +that I bought a printer\(em +they're very useful for instructions +to install an operating system +on your only usable computer. +I set up encrypted softraid +and the operating system +installed smoothly. +. +.Pp +Next I had to install rEFInd, +since the default Mac boot manager +is really not keen on booting much. +Installing it requires using the +macOS recovery partition these days. +But there was a problem +with my new boot menu: +I was promised a picture of Puffy, +and instead I just got some abstract coloured circles! +Turns out a bunch of OS icons +got removed from rEFInd at some point, +and I had to rescue Puffy +from the git history. +. +.Pp +So I could happily boot +.Ox +by selecting Puffy, +but I had no networking. +I thought the wifi chip might be supported by +.Xr bwfm 4 , +but I got unlucky and it's a BCM4360, +which everything hates. +Based on the jcs gist, +I checked the list of hardware +supported by the +.Xr urtwn 4 +driver for a wifi dongle to order. +Just having a clear list +in the driver manual is wonderful. +I went with the Edimax EW-7811Un v2, +which I could get for around $20. +It's nice and tiny, +though it has a piercing blue LED +(destroy all blue LEDs) +which I had to cover with electrical tape. +. +.Pp +I had to do one other thing +before I could get it all working, though. +When I had checked the +.Xr urtwn 4 +hardware list, +I had been looking at +.Ox Ns -current , +but I had installed +.Ox 6.8 , +and support for the v2 hardware +I had bought was added after that release. +So I downloaded a snapshot +.Pa bsd.rd +along with the +.Xr urtwn 4 +firmware file +to a USB drive +and upgraded the system. +. +.Pp +Connecting to wifi with +.Xr ifconfig 8 +is a breeze, by the way, +and then you just write the same thing to a +.Xr hostname.if 5 +file to make it automatic. +I wanted to use +.Ox +for exactly this reason: +simple, consistent, cohesive, well-documented tools. +. +.Pp +Finally, I got to configuring. +The console is configured with +.Xr wsconsctl 8 , +and similarly you can put the commands in +.Xr wsconsctl.conf 5 +to have them run at boot. +I added +.Li display.brightness=50% +to tone down the brightness, +which is initially 100%, +and +.Li keyboard.backlight=0% +to turn off those annoying lights. +.Xr wsconsctl.conf 5 +is also where you can set +trackpad settings if you're not using +.Xr synaptics 4 . +I ended up using: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +mouse1.tp.tapping=1 +mouse1.tp.scaling=0.2 +mouse1.reverse_scrolling=1 +.Ed +.Pp +This enables tapping with several fingers +to simulate different mouse buttons, +makes the cursor move at a reasonable speed +and scrolling move in the right direction. +I also set up my usual modified QWERTY layout. +. +.Pp +For +.Xr X 7 +I had enabled +.Xr xenodm 1 , +which seems quite nice. +It automatically prompts you to add your +.Xr ssh 1 +keys to +.Xr ssh-agent 1 +when you log in. +One of the reasons I had not wanted +to set up another graphical system +is that I thought +I would have to make too many choices, +and that I would have to choose least bad options +rather than actually good options, +but +.Ox +already includes reasonable choices. +I wanted to use +.Xr cwm 1 , +so I started a basic +.Pa .xsession +file: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +\&. ~/.profile +export LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 +xset r rate 175 m 5/4 0 +xmodmap ~/.config/X/modmap +xrdb -load ~/.config/X/resources +exec cwm -c ~/.config/cwm/cwmrc +.Ed +. +.Pp +The +.Xr xset 1 +command sets keyboard repeat rate +and mouse acceleration. +I spent some time going through +.Xr cwm 1 Ap s +functions and writing up bindings +that would get me something close enough +to what I'm used to in macOS. +Most importantly, +putting everything on the 4 modifier (command key). +. +.Pp +I also added key bindings on F1 and F2 +to adjust the brightness with +.Xr xbacklight 1 , +and on F10, F11 and F12 +to adjust volume with +.Xr sndioctl 1 . +I'm not sure why the F keys +just send regular F1, F2, etc.\& +regardless of the Fn key. +I don't use F keys for anything else though, +so I'm not too concerned. +Once again, +.Xr sndioctl 1 +is such an easy straightforward tool: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +bind-key F10 "sndioctl output.mute=!" +bind-key F11 "sndioctl output.level=-0.05" +bind-key F12 "sndioctl output.level=+0.05" +.Ed +. +.Pp +For aesthetic configuration, +I added a new output to my +.Xr scheme 1 +colour scheme tool for +.Xr X 7 Ns -style +RGB and +.Xr xterm 1 +resources. +Normally I use the +.Em Go Mono +font, +but since +.Ox +already includes +.Em Luxi Mono , +which +.Em Go Mono +is based on, +I used that. +The most important configuration +to make anything readable on a high-DPI display is: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +Xft.dpi: 144 +Xft.antialias: true +Xft.hinting: false +.Ed +. +.Pp +I'm annoyed that I haven't found +where these resources are actually documented. +I would hope they'd be in +.Xr Xft 3 +or something, +but they're not. +Anyway, +turning off hinting +seems absolutely necessary +to prevent text from looking like garbage. +. +.Pp +It seems that to get a reasonably sized cursor +I need to install +.Sy xcursor-dmz . +I'd prefer if there wasn't this one +extra package that I needed +for a reasonable setup. +Tangentially, +I've never understood why +the black versions of dmz cursors +are called +.Dq aa +when it seems like that +would stand for antialiasing +or something. +.Bd -literal -offset indent +Xcursor.size: 64 +Xcursor.theme: dmz-aa +.Ed +. +.Pp +For a desktop background, +I found a cute bitmap (little picture) +of snowflakes already in the system +and used colours from my usual scheme: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +xsetroot -bitmap /usr/X11R6/include/X11/bitmaps/xsnow \e + -bg rgb:14/13/0E -fg rgb:7A/49/55 +.Ed +. +.Pp +Since I'd rather not install anything +I don't have to, +I went with the default +.Xr xterm 1 . +It seems more than adequate, honestly. +I read through its RESOURCES +section to configure it how I like. +The important settings are +.Sy XTerm*utf8 +and +.Sy XTerm*metaSendsEscape . +Since I'm used to copying and pasting on macOS, +I added equivalent +.Dq translations : +.Bd -literal -offset indent +XTerm*VT100*translations: #override \en\e + Super <Key>C: copy-selection(CLIPBOARD) \en\e + Super <Key>V: insert-selection(CLIPBOARD) +.Ed +. +.Pp +The next thing I needed +was a clock and battery indicator. +I actually had my battery die on me +while I was doing all this, +which reminded me. +.Xr xclock 1 +would be perfect, +but then I'd need something else +for battery. +There are a couple basic battery indicators +for X in ports, +but they're terribly ugly. +I wanted something as simple as +.Xr xclock 1 , +but that I could add some other text to. +Then I realized I could just use +.Xr xterm 1 +for that. +To my +.Pa xsession +I added: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +xterm -name clock -geometry 14x1-0+0 -sl 0 -e clock & +.Ed +.Pp +This places a little terminal +in the top-right corner of the screen +with no scrollback lines, +running a script called +.Pa clock . +To have +.Xr cwm 1 +treat it like a +.Dq panel +and show it on every desktop, +I added this to my +.Pa cwmrc : +.Bd -literal -offset indent +ignore clock +autogroup 0 clock,XTerm +.Ed +.Pp +The +.Pa clock +script simply uses +.Xr date 1 +and +.Xr apm 8 +to print the time and battery charge +every minute: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +tput civis +sleep=$(( 60 - $(date +'%S' | sed 's/^0//') )) +while :; do + if [ $(apm -a) -eq 1 ]; then + printf '%3s%%' "$(apm -l)" + else + test $(apm -b) -eq 2 && tput setaf 1 bold + printf '%3.3sm' "$(apm -m)" + tput sgr0 + fi + printf ' %s\r' "$(date +'%a %H:%M')" + sleep $sleep + sleep=60 +done +.Ed +.Pp +The initial setting of +.Va sleep +is to align the updates +with the minute ticking over. +I made the battery output +a bit fancier by showing +percentage while charging, +minutes left while discharging, +and highlighting in red +when the battery is +.Dq critical . +. +.Pp +Now is a good time to mention adding +.Ql apmd_flags=-A +to +.Pa /etc/rc.conf.local +to enable +.Dq automatic performance adjustment , +or not running your battery flat +as fast as possible mode. +It seems like I can get up to 3 hours +of battery life depending on the screen brightness, +but this is quite an old battery by now. +. +.Pp +The other thing I needed +was something to tone down +that awful, evil blue light from the screen. +I asked around and someone told me about +.Xr sct 1 , +originally written by tedu. +The package also includes a little +.Xr sctd 1 +script that you can add to your +.Pa .xsession +to have it automatically adjust +the colour temperature throughout the day. +My eyes are no longer being assaulted. +. +.Pp +While I was doing all this, +I of course needed to talk about it on IRC, +and it was very nice to be able to +install my own IRC client with: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +doas pkg_add catgirl +.Ed +.Pp +I don't plan to do +general Web Browsing on +.Ox , +and there is definitely +no good choice for browser, +so I just installed +.Xr imv 1 , +.Xr mpv 1 , +.Xr youtube-dl 1 +and +.Xr w3m 1 . +I wrote a script +to open images by piping +.Xr curl 1 +into +.Xr imv 1 , +videos with +.Xr mpv 1 , +and everything else with +.Xr w3m 1 +in a new +.Xr xterm 1 . +Annoyingly, +.Xr mpv 1 +seems incapable of exiting +without segfaulting. +That's quality. +. +.Pp +One thing I am still missing +is automatic brightness adjustment +based on ambient light +like macOS can do. +I can read the sensor with +.Xr sysctl 8 +.Cm hw.sensors.asmc0.illuminance0 , +which is measured in lux. +I tried doing something with it in a script, +but it seems tricky to map its value +to brightness adjustments +and to play nice with manual brightness changes, +so I'll just keep doing it manually for now. +. +.Pp +Update: +prx sent mail to let me know about +.Aq Lk https://github.com/jcs/xdimmer . +I should've guessed jcs had written something. +. +.Pp +And that's my current +.Ox +setup after a week of using it. +I'm quite enjoying it, +and still being pleasantly surprised +by the quality-of-life from +.Ox +tools and documentation. +For a small example, +I can jump to sections +or flag definitions in +.Xr man 1 +using +.Ic :t . +Systems without basic usability like that +should be ashamed. +. +.Pp +I would post a screenshot, +but this is +.Li text.causal.agency +;) +. +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Lk https://gist.github.com/jcs/5573685 +.Pp +My full configurations are in +.Aq Lk https://git.causal.agency/src . +. +.Sh AUTHORS +.An june Aq Mt june@causal.agency +. +.Sh BUGS +There's a red LED +inside the headphone jack +that is always on +and I have no idea how to turn off. +If anyone knows +please send me an email. |