Import /usr/src/usr.bin/printf from FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE

2 files changed, 1073 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/bin/1sh/printf.1 b/bin/1sh/printf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09a08fde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/1sh/printf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)printf.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
+.\" $FreeBSD: releng/12.1/usr.bin/printf/printf.1 350613 2019-08-05 20:19:38Z jilles $
+.\"
+.Dd July 29, 2019
+.Dt PRINTF 1
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm printf
+.Nd formatted output
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm
+.Ar format Op Ar arguments ...
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm
+utility formats and prints its arguments, after the first, under control
+of the
+.Ar format .
+The
+.Ar format
+is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,
+which are simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences which
+are converted and copied to the standard output, and format specifications,
+each of which causes printing of the next successive
+.Ar argument .
+.Pp
+The
+.Ar arguments
+after the first are treated as strings if the corresponding format is
+either
+.Cm c , b
+or
+.Cm s ;
+otherwise it is evaluated as a C constant, with the following extensions:
+.Pp
+.Bl -bullet -offset indent -compact
+.It
+A leading plus or minus sign is allowed.
+.It
+If the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the
+character code of the next character.
+.El
+.Pp
+The format string is reused as often as necessary to satisfy the
+.Ar arguments .
+Any extra format specifications are evaluated with zero or the null
+string.
+.Pp
+Character escape sequences are in backslash notation as defined in the
+.St -ansiC ,
+with extensions.
+The characters and their meanings
+are as follows:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
+.It Cm \ea
+Write a <bell> character.
+.It Cm \eb
+Write a <backspace> character.
+.It Cm \ef
+Write a <form-feed> character.
+.It Cm \en
+Write a <new-line> character.
+.It Cm \er
+Write a <carriage return> character.
+.It Cm \et
+Write a <tab> character.
+.It Cm \ev
+Write a <vertical tab> character.
+.It Cm \e\'
+Write a <single quote> character.
+.It Cm \e\e
+Write a backslash character.
+.It Cm \e Ns Ar num
+Write a byte whose
+value is the 1-, 2-, or 3-digit
+octal number
+.Ar num .
+Multibyte characters can be constructed using multiple
+.Cm \e Ns Ar num
+sequences.
+.El
+.Pp
+Each format specification is introduced by the percent character
+(``%'').
+The remainder of the format specification includes,
+in the following order:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It "Zero or more of the following flags:"
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Cm #
+A `#' character
+specifying that the value should be printed in an ``alternate form''.
+For
+.Cm b , c , d , s
+and
+.Cm u
+formats, this option has no effect.
+For the
+.Cm o
+formats the precision of the number is increased to force the first
+character of the output string to a zero.
+For the
+.Cm x
+.Pq Cm X
+format, a non-zero result has the string
+.Li 0x
+.Pq Li 0X
+prepended to it.
+For
+.Cm a , A , e , E , f , F , g
+and
+.Cm G
+formats, the result will always contain a decimal point, even if no
+digits follow the point (normally, a decimal point only appears in the
+results of those formats if a digit follows the decimal point).
+For
+.Cm g
+and
+.Cm G
+formats, trailing zeros are not removed from the result as they
+would otherwise be;
+.It Cm \&\-
+A minus sign `\-' which specifies
+.Em left adjustment
+of the output in the indicated field;
+.It Cm \&+
+A `+' character specifying that there should always be
+a sign placed before the number when using signed formats.
+.It Sq \&\ \&
+A space specifying that a blank should be left before a positive number
+for a signed format.
+A `+' overrides a space if both are used;
+.It Cm \&0
+A zero `0' character indicating that zero-padding should be used
+rather than blank-padding.
+A `\-' overrides a `0' if both are used;
+.El
+.It "Field Width:"
+An optional digit string specifying a
+.Em field width ;
+if the output string has fewer bytes than the field width it will
+be blank-padded on the left (or right, if the left-adjustment indicator
+has been given) to make up the field width (note that a leading zero
+is a flag, but an embedded zero is part of a field width);
+.It Precision:
+An optional period,
+.Sq Cm \&.\& ,
+followed by an optional digit string giving a
+.Em precision
+which specifies the number of digits to appear after the decimal point,
+for
+.Cm e
+and
+.Cm f
+formats, or the maximum number of bytes to be printed
+from a string; if the digit string is missing, the precision is treated
+as zero;
+.It Format:
+A character which indicates the type of format to use (one of
+.Cm diouxXfFeEgGaAcsb ) .
+The uppercase formats differ from their lowercase counterparts only in
+that the output of the former is entirely in uppercase.
+The floating-point format specifiers
+.Pq Cm fFeEgGaA
+may be prefixed by an
+.Cm L
+to request that additional precision be used, if available.
+.El
+.Pp
+A field width or precision may be
+.Sq Cm \&*
+instead of a digit string.
+In this case an
+.Ar argument
+supplies the field width or precision.
+.Pp
+The format characters and their meanings are:
+.Bl -tag -width Fl
+.It Cm diouXx
+The
+.Ar argument
+is printed as a signed decimal (d or i), unsigned octal, unsigned decimal,
+or unsigned hexadecimal (X or x), respectively.
+.It Cm fF
+The
+.Ar argument
+is printed in the style `[\-]ddd.ddd' where the number of d's
+after the decimal point is equal to the precision specification for
+the argument.
+If the precision is missing, 6 digits are given; if the precision
+is explicitly 0, no digits and no decimal point are printed.
+The values \*[If] and \*[Na] are printed as
+.Ql inf
+and
+.Ql nan ,
+respectively.
+.It Cm eE
+The
+.Ar argument
+is printed in the style
+.Cm e
+.Sm off
+.Sq Op - Ar d.ddd No \(+- Ar dd
+.Sm on
+where there
+is one digit before the decimal point and the number after is equal to
+the precision specification for the argument; when the precision is
+missing, 6 digits are produced.
+The values \*[If] and \*[Na] are printed as
+.Ql inf
+and
+.Ql nan ,
+respectively.
+.It Cm gG
+The
+.Ar argument
+is printed in style
+.Cm f
+.Pq Cm F
+or in style
+.Cm e
+.Pq Cm E
+whichever gives full precision in minimum space.
+.It Cm aA
+The
+.Ar argument
+is printed in style
+.Sm off
+.Sq Op - Ar h.hhh No \(+- Li p Ar d
+.Sm on
+where there is one digit before the hexadecimal point and the number
+after is equal to the precision specification for the argument;
+when the precision is missing, enough digits are produced to convey
+the argument's exact double-precision floating-point representation.
+The values \*[If] and \*[Na] are printed as
+.Ql inf
+and
+.Ql nan ,
+respectively.
+.It Cm c
+The first byte of
+.Ar argument
+is printed.
+.It Cm s
+Bytes from the string
+.Ar argument
+are printed until the end is reached or until the number of bytes
+indicated by the precision specification is reached; however if the
+precision is 0 or missing, the string is printed entirely.
+.It Cm b
+As for
+.Cm s ,
+but interpret character escapes in backslash notation in the string
+.Ar argument .
+The permitted escape sequences are slightly different in that
+octal escapes are
+.Cm \e0 Ns Ar num
+instead of
+.Cm \e Ns Ar num
+and that an additional escape sequence
+.Cm \ec
+stops further output from this
+.Nm
+invocation.
+.It Cm n$
+Allows reordering of the output according to
+.Ar argument .
+.It Cm \&%
+Print a `%'; no argument is used.
+.El
+.Pp
+The decimal point
+character is defined in the program's locale (category
+.Dv LC_NUMERIC ) .
+.Pp
+In no case does a non-existent or small field width cause truncation of
+a field; padding takes place only if the specified field width exceeds
+the actual width.
+.Pp
+Some shells may provide a builtin
+.Nm
+command which is similar or identical to this utility.
+Consult the
+.Xr builtin 1
+manual page.
+.Sh EXIT STATUS
+.Ex -std
+.Sh COMPATIBILITY
+The traditional
+.Bx
+behavior of converting arguments of numeric formats not beginning
+with a digit to the
+.Tn ASCII
+code of the first character is not supported.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr builtin 1 ,
+.Xr echo 1 ,
+.Xr sh 1 ,
+.Xr printf 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Nm
+command is expected to be compatible with the
+.St -p1003.2
+specification.
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm
+command appeared in
+.Bx 4.3 Reno .
+It is modeled
+after the standard library function,
+.Xr printf 3 .
+.Sh CAVEATS
+.Tn ANSI
+hexadecimal character constants were deliberately not provided.
+.Pp
+Trying to print a dash ("-") as the first character causes
+.Nm
+to interpret the dash as a program argument.
+.Nm --
+must be used before
+.Ar format .
+.Pp
+If the locale contains multibyte characters
+(such as UTF-8),
+the
+.Cm c
+format and
+.Cm b
+and
+.Cm s
+formats with a precision
+may not operate as expected.
+.Sh BUGS
+Since the floating point numbers are translated from
+.Tn ASCII
+to floating-point and
+then back again, floating-point precision may be lost.
+(By default, the number is translated to an IEEE-754 double-precision
+value before being printed.
+The
+.Cm L
+modifier may produce additional precision, depending on the hardware platform.)
+.Pp
+The escape sequence \e000 is the string terminator.
+When present in the argument for the
+.Cm b
+format, the argument will be truncated at the \e000 character.
+.Pp
+Multibyte characters are not recognized in format strings (this is only
+a problem if
+.Ql %
+can appear inside a multibyte character).
diff --git a/bin/1sh/printf.c b/bin/1sh/printf.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c18dc4f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/1sh/printf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,688 @@
+/*-
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+ *
+ * Copyright 2018 Staysail Systems, Inc. <info@staysail.tech>
+ * Copyright 2014 Garrett D'Amore <garrett@damore.org>
+ * Copyright 2010 Nexenta Systems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+/*
+ * Important: This file is used both as a standalone program /usr/bin/printf
+ * and as a builtin for /bin/sh (#define SHELL).
+ */
+
+#ifndef SHELL
+#ifndef lint
+static char const copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
+	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef lint
+#if 0
+static char const sccsid[] = "@(#)printf.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 7/20/93";
+#endif
+static const char rcsid[] =
+  "$FreeBSD: releng/12.1/usr.bin/printf/printf.c 337618 2018-08-11 11:13:34Z jilles $";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <err.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <wchar.h>
+
+#ifdef SHELL
+#define	main printfcmd
+#include "bltin/bltin.h"
+#include "options.h"
+#endif
+
+#define	PF(f, func) do {						\
+	if (havewidth)							\
+		if (haveprec)						\
+			(void)printf(f, fieldwidth, precision, func);	\
+		else							\
+			(void)printf(f, fieldwidth, func);		\
+	else if (haveprec)						\
+		(void)printf(f, precision, func);			\
+	else								\
+		(void)printf(f, func);					\
+} while (0)
+
+static int	 asciicode(void);
+static char	*printf_doformat(char *, int *);
+static int	 escape(char *, int, size_t *);
+static int	 getchr(void);
+static int	 getfloating(long double *, int);
+static int	 getint(int *);
+static int	 getnum(intmax_t *, uintmax_t *, int);
+static const char
+		*getstr(void);
+static char	*mknum(char *, char);
+static void	 usage(void);
+
+static const char digits[] = "0123456789";
+
+static char end_fmt[1];
+
+static int  myargc;
+static char **myargv;
+static char **gargv;
+static char **maxargv;
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	size_t len;
+	int end, rval;
+	char *format, *fmt, *start;
+#ifndef SHELL
+	int ch;
+
+	(void) setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SHELL
+	nextopt("");
+	argc -= argptr - argv;
+	argv = argptr;
+#else
+	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "")) != -1)
+		switch (ch) {
+		case '?':
+		default:
+			usage();
+			return (1);
+		}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+#endif
+
+	if (argc < 1) {
+		usage();
+		return (1);
+	}
+
+#ifdef SHELL
+	INTOFF;
+#endif
+	/*
+	 * Basic algorithm is to scan the format string for conversion
+	 * specifications -- once one is found, find out if the field
+	 * width or precision is a '*'; if it is, gather up value.  Note,
+	 * format strings are reused as necessary to use up the provided
+	 * arguments, arguments of zero/null string are provided to use
+	 * up the format string.
+	 */
+	fmt = format = *argv;
+	escape(fmt, 1, &len);		/* backslash interpretation */
+	rval = end = 0;
+	gargv = ++argv;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		maxargv = gargv;
+
+		myargv = gargv;
+		for (myargc = 0; gargv[myargc]; myargc++)
+			/* nop */;
+		start = fmt;
+		while (fmt < format + len) {
+			if (fmt[0] == '%') {
+				fwrite(start, 1, fmt - start, stdout);
+				if (fmt[1] == '%') {
+					/* %% prints a % */
+					putchar('%');
+					fmt += 2;
+				} else {
+					fmt = printf_doformat(fmt, &rval);
+					if (fmt == NULL || fmt == end_fmt) {
+#ifdef SHELL
+						INTON;
+#endif
+						return (fmt == NULL ? 1 : rval);
+					}
+					end = 0;
+				}
+				start = fmt;
+			} else
+				fmt++;
+			if (gargv > maxargv)
+				maxargv = gargv;
+		}
+		gargv = maxargv;
+
+		if (end == 1) {
+			warnx("missing format character");
+#ifdef SHELL
+			INTON;
+#endif
+			return (1);
+		}
+		fwrite(start, 1, fmt - start, stdout);
+		if (!*gargv) {
+#ifdef SHELL
+			INTON;
+#endif
+			return (rval);
+		}
+		/* Restart at the beginning of the format string. */
+		fmt = format;
+		end = 1;
+	}
+	/* NOTREACHED */
+}
+
+
+static char *
+printf_doformat(char *fmt, int *rval)
+{
+	static const char skip1[] = "#'-+ 0";
+	int fieldwidth, haveprec, havewidth, mod_ldbl, precision;
+	char convch, nextch;
+	char start[strlen(fmt) + 1];
+	char **fargv;
+	char *dptr;
+	int l;
+
+	dptr = start;
+	*dptr++ = '%';
+	*dptr = 0;
+
+	fmt++;
+
+	/* look for "n$" field index specifier */
+	l = strspn(fmt, digits);
+	if ((l > 0) && (fmt[l] == '$')) {
+		int idx = atoi(fmt);
+		if (idx <= myargc) {
+			gargv = &myargv[idx - 1];
+		} else {
+			gargv = &myargv[myargc];
+		}
+		if (gargv > maxargv)
+			maxargv = gargv;
+		fmt += l + 1;
+
+		/* save format argument */
+		fargv = gargv;
+	} else {
+		fargv = NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* skip to field width */
+	while (*fmt && strchr(skip1, *fmt) != NULL) {
+		*dptr++ = *fmt++;
+		*dptr = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (*fmt == '*') {
+
+		fmt++;
+		l = strspn(fmt, digits);
+		if ((l > 0) && (fmt[l] == '$')) {
+			int idx = atoi(fmt);
+			if (fargv == NULL) {
+				warnx("incomplete use of n$");
+				return (NULL);
+			}
+			if (idx <= myargc) {
+				gargv = &myargv[idx - 1];
+			} else {
+				gargv = &myargv[myargc];
+			}
+			fmt += l + 1;
+		} else if (fargv != NULL) {
+			warnx("incomplete use of n$");
+			return (NULL);
+		}
+
+		if (getint(&fieldwidth))
+			return (NULL);
+		if (gargv > maxargv)
+			maxargv = gargv;
+		havewidth = 1;
+
+		*dptr++ = '*';
+		*dptr = 0;
+	} else {
+		havewidth = 0;
+
+		/* skip to possible '.', get following precision */
+		while (isdigit(*fmt)) {
+			*dptr++ = *fmt++;
+			*dptr = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (*fmt == '.') {
+		/* precision present? */
+		fmt++;
+		*dptr++ = '.';
+
+		if (*fmt == '*') {
+
+			fmt++;
+			l = strspn(fmt, digits);
+			if ((l > 0) && (fmt[l] == '$')) {
+				int idx = atoi(fmt);
+				if (fargv == NULL) {
+					warnx("incomplete use of n$");
+					return (NULL);
+				}
+				if (idx <= myargc) {
+					gargv = &myargv[idx - 1];
+				} else {
+					gargv = &myargv[myargc];
+				}
+				fmt += l + 1;
+			} else if (fargv != NULL) {
+				warnx("incomplete use of n$");
+				return (NULL);
+			}
+
+			if (getint(&precision))
+				return (NULL);
+			if (gargv > maxargv)
+				maxargv = gargv;
+			haveprec = 1;
+			*dptr++ = '*';
+			*dptr = 0;
+		} else {
+			haveprec = 0;
+
+			/* skip to conversion char */
+			while (isdigit(*fmt)) {
+				*dptr++ = *fmt++;
+				*dptr = 0;
+			}
+		}
+	} else
+		haveprec = 0;
+	if (!*fmt) {
+		warnx("missing format character");
+		return (NULL);
+	}
+	*dptr++ = *fmt;
+	*dptr = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Look for a length modifier.  POSIX doesn't have these, so
+	 * we only support them for floating-point conversions, which
+	 * are extensions.  This is useful because the L modifier can
+	 * be used to gain extra range and precision, while omitting
+	 * it is more likely to produce consistent results on different
+	 * architectures.  This is not so important for integers
+	 * because overflow is the only bad thing that can happen to
+	 * them, but consider the command  printf %a 1.1
+	 */
+	if (*fmt == 'L') {
+		mod_ldbl = 1;
+		fmt++;
+		if (!strchr("aAeEfFgG", *fmt)) {
+			warnx("bad modifier L for %%%c", *fmt);
+			return (NULL);
+		}
+	} else {
+		mod_ldbl = 0;
+	}
+
+	/* save the current arg offset, and set to the format arg */
+	if (fargv != NULL) {
+		gargv = fargv;
+	}
+
+	convch = *fmt;
+	nextch = *++fmt;
+
+	*fmt = '\0';
+	switch (convch) {
+	case 'b': {
+		size_t len;
+		char *p;
+		int getout;
+
+		/* Convert "b" to "s" for output. */
+		start[strlen(start) - 1] = 's';
+		if ((p = strdup(getstr())) == NULL) {
+			warnx("%s", strerror(ENOMEM));
+			return (NULL);
+		}
+		getout = escape(p, 0, &len);
+		PF(start, p);
+		/* Restore format for next loop. */
+
+		free(p);
+		if (getout)
+			return (end_fmt);
+		break;
+	}
+	case 'c': {
+		char p;
+
+		p = getchr();
+		if (p != '\0')
+			PF(start, p);
+		break;
+	}
+	case 's': {
+		const char *p;
+
+		p = getstr();
+		PF(start, p);
+		break;
+	}
+	case 'd': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': {
+		char *f;
+		intmax_t val;
+		uintmax_t uval;
+		int signedconv;
+
+		signedconv = (convch == 'd' || convch == 'i');
+		if ((f = mknum(start, convch)) == NULL)
+			return (NULL);
+		if (getnum(&val, &uval, signedconv))
+			*rval = 1;
+		if (signedconv)
+			PF(f, val);
+		else
+			PF(f, uval);
+		break;
+	}
+	case 'e': case 'E':
+	case 'f': case 'F':
+	case 'g': case 'G':
+	case 'a': case 'A': {
+		long double p;
+
+		if (getfloating(&p, mod_ldbl))
+			*rval = 1;
+		if (mod_ldbl)
+			PF(start, p);
+		else
+			PF(start, (double)p);
+		break;
+	}
+	default:
+		warnx("illegal format character %c", convch);
+		return (NULL);
+	}
+	*fmt = nextch;
+	/* return the gargv to the next element */
+	return (fmt);
+}
+
+static char *
+mknum(char *str, char ch)
+{
+	static char *copy;
+	static size_t copy_size;
+	char *newcopy;
+	size_t len, newlen;
+
+	len = strlen(str) + 2;
+	if (len > copy_size) {
+		newlen = ((len + 1023) >> 10) << 10;
+		if ((newcopy = realloc(copy, newlen)) == NULL) {
+			warnx("%s", strerror(ENOMEM));
+			return (NULL);
+		}
+		copy = newcopy;
+		copy_size = newlen;
+	}
+
+	memmove(copy, str, len - 3);
+	copy[len - 3] = 'j';
+	copy[len - 2] = ch;
+	copy[len - 1] = '\0';
+	return (copy);
+}
+
+static int
+escape(char *fmt, int percent, size_t *len)
+{
+	char *save, *store, c;
+	int value;
+
+	for (save = store = fmt; ((c = *fmt) != 0); ++fmt, ++store) {
+		if (c != '\\') {
+			*store = c;
+			continue;
+		}
+		switch (*++fmt) {
+		case '\0':		/* EOS, user error */
+			*store = '\\';
+			*++store = '\0';
+			*len = store - save;
+			return (0);
+		case '\\':		/* backslash */
+		case '\'':		/* single quote */
+			*store = *fmt;
+			break;
+		case 'a':		/* bell/alert */
+			*store = '\a';
+			break;
+		case 'b':		/* backspace */
+			*store = '\b';
+			break;
+		case 'c':
+			if (!percent) {
+				*store = '\0';
+				*len = store - save;
+				return (1);
+			}
+			*store = 'c';
+			break;
+		case 'f':		/* form-feed */
+			*store = '\f';
+			break;
+		case 'n':		/* newline */
+			*store = '\n';
+			break;
+		case 'r':		/* carriage-return */
+			*store = '\r';
+			break;
+		case 't':		/* horizontal tab */
+			*store = '\t';
+			break;
+		case 'v':		/* vertical tab */
+			*store = '\v';
+			break;
+					/* octal constant */
+		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
+		case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
+			c = (!percent && *fmt == '0') ? 4 : 3;
+			for (value = 0;
+			    c-- && *fmt >= '0' && *fmt <= '7'; ++fmt) {
+				value <<= 3;
+				value += *fmt - '0';
+			}
+			--fmt;
+			if (percent && value == '%') {
+				*store++ = '%';
+				*store = '%';
+			} else
+				*store = (char)value;
+			break;
+		default:
+			*store = *fmt;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	*store = '\0';
+	*len = store - save;
+	return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+getchr(void)
+{
+	if (!*gargv)
+		return ('\0');
+	return ((int)**gargv++);
+}
+
+static const char *
+getstr(void)
+{
+	if (!*gargv)
+		return ("");
+	return (*gargv++);
+}
+
+static int
+getint(int *ip)
+{
+	intmax_t val;
+	uintmax_t uval;
+	int rval;
+
+	if (getnum(&val, &uval, 1))
+		return (1);
+	rval = 0;
+	if (val < INT_MIN || val > INT_MAX) {
+		warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
+		rval = 1;
+	}
+	*ip = (int)val;
+	return (rval);
+}
+
+static int
+getnum(intmax_t *ip, uintmax_t *uip, int signedconv)
+{
+	char *ep;
+	int rval;
+
+	if (!*gargv) {
+		*ip = *uip = 0;
+		return (0);
+	}
+	if (**gargv == '"' || **gargv == '\'') {
+		if (signedconv)
+			*ip = asciicode();
+		else
+			*uip = asciicode();
+		return (0);
+	}
+	rval = 0;
+	errno = 0;
+	if (signedconv)
+		*ip = strtoimax(*gargv, &ep, 0);
+	else
+		*uip = strtoumax(*gargv, &ep, 0);
+	if (ep == *gargv) {
+		warnx("%s: expected numeric value", *gargv);
+		rval = 1;
+	}
+	else if (*ep != '\0') {
+		warnx("%s: not completely converted", *gargv);
+		rval = 1;
+	}
+	if (errno == ERANGE) {
+		warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
+		rval = 1;
+	}
+	++gargv;
+	return (rval);
+}
+
+static int
+getfloating(long double *dp, int mod_ldbl)
+{
+	char *ep;
+	int rval;
+
+	if (!*gargv) {
+		*dp = 0.0;
+		return (0);
+	}
+	if (**gargv == '"' || **gargv == '\'') {
+		*dp = asciicode();
+		return (0);
+	}
+	rval = 0;
+	errno = 0;
+	if (mod_ldbl)
+		*dp = strtold(*gargv, &ep);
+	else
+		*dp = strtod(*gargv, &ep);
+	if (ep == *gargv) {
+		warnx("%s: expected numeric value", *gargv);
+		rval = 1;
+	} else if (*ep != '\0') {
+		warnx("%s: not completely converted", *gargv);
+		rval = 1;
+	}
+	if (errno == ERANGE) {
+		warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
+		rval = 1;
+	}
+	++gargv;
+	return (rval);
+}
+
+static int
+asciicode(void)
+{
+	int ch;
+	wchar_t wch;
+	mbstate_t mbs;
+
+	ch = (unsigned char)**gargv;
+	if (ch == '\'' || ch == '"') {
+		memset(&mbs, 0, sizeof(mbs));
+		switch (mbrtowc(&wch, *gargv + 1, MB_LEN_MAX, &mbs)) {
+		case (size_t)-2:
+		case (size_t)-1:
+			wch = (unsigned char)gargv[0][1];
+			break;
+		case 0:
+			wch = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+		ch = wch;
+	}
+	++gargv;
+	return (ch);
+}
+
+static void
+usage(void)
+{
+	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: printf format [arguments ...]\n");
+}